372 
the whole isthmus is being attacked simultaneously. 
Fig. 4 represents the work at the station of Em- 
perador, It is connected by rails, on which loco- 
motives run with other stations, and with the Colon- 
Panama Railway. The material taken out is conveyed to 
the great dam, which is to keep in the water of the 
Chagres River. The cutting at Emperador is 200 metres 
wide in certain places. Next to this comes the great 
stationzof Culebra. 
These two stations are represented 
NATURE 
| &c. 
y 
[August 20, 1885 
in the accompanying sketches. While all this work of 
dredging and excavating, making cuttings and embank- 
ments is going on at the canal, the two ports of entry on 
the Atlantic and the Pacific are being constructed. At 
Colon, powerful dredging works are opened. A pier, 
protected on the western side by a mole, has been built, 
on which a new town, Christopher Columbus, is growing. 
On it are placed the workshops, stores, railway stations, 
All the constructions are connected with the [rail- 
Ateliers _. 
Dragues_... 
Excavateurs .. 
Fic. 1.—Line of Canal and works in ccurse ofexecution. 1, 2, dredgings of the Port of Colon ; 3, 4, 5, dredgings between Colon and Gatun; 6, 7, deviation 
of Rio Trinidad at Gatun ; 8, dockyard of Pena Blanca ; 9, 10, embankment of Bohio Saldado ; 11, Buena Vista; 12, Tavernilla ; 13, 14, San Pablo 
15, 16, 17, Gorgona; 18, 19, Matachin; 20, Gamboa embankment—the great dam; 21, 
Cerosita; 22, Upper Obispo; 23, the Obispo; #24, 
Emperador; 25, El Lirio; 26, 27, 28 La Culebra; 20, 30, Paraiso; 31, Pedro Miguel ; 32, Corosal; 33, Boca Grande. 
Plaine del ‘irio 
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Fig. 3.—Culebra Docks. 
way across the isthmus by a series of branches. 
drawing any amount of water can discharge at the wharf 
projecting into the sea, and completely protected from the 
wind. On the Pacific coast, the creation of a port at the 
mouth of the Rio Grande presents no technical difficulties, | 
and six dredges are now at work making a channel 100 
metres in width to the sea. 
ment, and repair. 
Vessels | 
three sections, with a centre at Matachin, at the foot of 
the great embankment and the cutting. Here all the 
material is concentrated, all the repairs executed, and all 
the machinery put in working order. The railway of the 
isthmus is now the property of the Canal Company, and 
| facilitates greatly this movement of the machinery on 
A special organisation has | 
been created to deal with the vast material, its employ- | 
The isthmus has been divided into | 
which the regular working of the various sections depends. 
By its means each working station is in communication 
with the central one and with every other. 
