408 
National Scholarships, and Free Studentships, May, 1885 :— 
William Burton, aged 22, science teacher, Manchester, National 
Scholarship ; Philip L. Gray, 19, assistant master, Southampton, 
National Scholarship ; Charles Lang, 22, engineer, Johnstone, 
N.B., National Scholarship; Thomas Clarkson, 20, engineer, 
Pendleton, Manchester, National Scholarship ; Harry E. Had- 
ley, 18, student, Worcester, Royal Exhibition ; William Scuda- 
more, 16, student, Northampton, National Scholarship ; 
Frederic W. Lanchester, 16, architect’s assistant, Southampton, 
National Scholarship; Thomas H. Holland, 16, student, 
Helston, National Scholarship; Harold E. Hey, 14, student, 
Manchester, National Scholarship; William Blackmore, 18, 
student, Sheffield, National Scholarship ; Hugh O. Bennie, 20, 
engineer, Glasgow, Royal Exhibition ; William Kelsall, 17, 
student, Bradford, National Scholarship ; Henry Sowerbutts, 
17, student, Manchester, National Scholarship; Frederick 
Chattaway, 24, chemist, Birmingham, National Scholarship ; 
James Young, 23, shoemaker, Belfast, Roy al Exhibition ; 
‘Arthur J. Moulton, 20, engineer’s apprentice, Preston, Royal 
Exhibition ; Harold C. Coote, 17, student, London, Roy al 
Exhibition ; Robert H. Unsworth, 20, engineer, Pendleton, 
Manchester, Royal Exhibition; Sidney H. Woolhouse, 15, 
student, Weaste, Manchester, Royal Exhibition ; David Wil- 
kinson, 21, agent, Preston, Free Studentship; Henry P. 
Motteram, 19, student, Small Heath, Birmingham, Free 
Studentship; Albert E. Briscoe, 17, machinist, Birmingham, 
Free Studentship; Orlando J. Preston, 16, student, Bristol, 
Free Studentship ; James McKenzie, 20, engineer, Glasgow, 
Free Studentship ; Philip C. Coultas, 18, student, Bristol, Free 
Studentship. 
WE have received the calendars for the ensuing session of the 
University College, Dundee, and of the Durham College of 
Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne. A very important addition to the 
educational programme of the former is the establishment of a 
new Chair of Biology. This chair was needed on account of 
the recognition of the science department of the college by the 
University of Edinburgh, and also because the science curriculum 
was incomplete for graduation in London University. The new 
chair has been filled by Mr. D’Arcy Thomson, of Cambridge. 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 
PARIS 
Academy of Sciences, August 17.—M. Bouley, President, 
in the chair.—Observations of the minor planets made at the 
Observatory of Paris (large meridian instrument) during the 
second quarter of the year 1885, communicated by M. Mouchez. 
—Note on typhoons and the so-called ‘‘grains arqués” of the 
eastern hemisphere (two illustrations), by M. Faye. From the 
descriptions of these meteorological phenomena made by ob- 
servers in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in Senegal, the 
author concludes that all such cyclonic movements of the atmo- 
sphere affect a circular form. The importance of this conclusion 
is obvious in connection with the theory which regards these atmo- 
spheric disturbances as sharply defined whirlwinds of circular shape, 
not as the result of currents converging towards a common centre 
of attraction without definite outer limits.—Researches on the 
present and the prehistoric races of Brazil, in connection with the 
sixth volume of the Natural Museum of the Archives of Rio de 
Janeiro, presented to the Academy on behalf of the Emperor 
Don Pedro II., by M. de Quatrefages. The contents of this 
volume are of great importance for the comparative study of the 
Brazilian races past and present, and of the primitive cultures of 
the more civilised populations in North and South America. It 
contains papers by M. Hartt on the river and marine 
shell heaps occurring in various parts of Brazil; by M. 
J. B. de Lacerda on the human remains found from time to 
time in these deposits, and by M. Peixoto on the Botocudos 
still surviving in the eastern provinces of Brazil. But the 
chief attraction of the volume is the valuable and richly 
illustrated memoirs of M. Ladislaus Netto, on the remarkable 
artificial hill of Pacoval, which is now fully described for the 
first time. This hill, entirely the work of man, stands on the 
margin of a lake in the island of Marajo, and although reduced 
by erosion and weathering to a fifth or a sixth of its original 
size, is still 300 metres long, 250 broad, and 6high. It presents 
the outlines of a gigantic Jabuti turtle (Amys faveolata), in this 
respect showing analogies with the works of the mound-builders 
in the Mississippi basin. Its contents are of the most varied 
character, including stone implements of all kinds, idols, amulets, 
and a vast quantity of earthenware, funeral urns, vases, /amgas, 
NATORE 
[August 27, 1885 
&c., covered with ornamental designs remarkable for their 
delicacy and taste, either painted, incised, or modelled in relief. 
Some of the signs appear to be of a hieroglyphic character, pre- 
senting certain analogies to the early Chinese, Egyptian, and 
Mexican writings. One inscription, which M. Netto has 
attempted to interpret, seems to speak of long migrations, most 
probably from the Andes highlands down the Amazons basin, 
towards the Atlantic seaboard.—Experimental researches on 
cholera, by MM. Paul Gibier and van Ermengem. Appointed 
by their respective Governments to study Dr. Farran’s method 
of preventive vaccination, these biologists have independently 
arrived at the same conclusion, that the sub-cutaneous injections 
of the cultivated virus (comma bacillus) does not preserve from 
cholera the animals on which their experiments have been made. 
—Observations of Tuttle’s comet made at the Observatory of 
Nice (Gautier’s equatorial}, by M. Perrotin.—Equatorial ob- 
servations of Barnard’s comet (a2) made at the Observatory of 
Algiers with the o’50 m. telescope, by M. Ch. Trépied.— 
Account of a remarkable solar protuberance observed on the 
eastern edge of the disk at Paris on August 16, by M. E. L. 
Trouvelot.—Description of a new magnifying apparatus for the 
projection of microscopic objects as well as of images of large 
dimensions, by MM. Théodore and Albert Duboscq.—On the 
action of the iodide of phosphonium on the oxide of ethylene, 
by M. J. de Girard.—On the elective alcoholic fermentation of 
sugar, by M. H. Leplay. Against the objections of MM. 
Bourquelot and Maumené the author maintains from his own 
experiments that the elective alcoholic fermentation as originally 
discovered and described by M. Dubrunfant really exists and 
must be accepted as a scientific although hitherto unexplained 
phenomenon.—On the organisation, anatomy, and digestive 
function, of Pachyd>ilus enchytreoides, by M. Remy Saint- ‘Loup. 
—Extraction aaa composition of the gases contained in the 
foliage of floating and submerged aquatic plants, by MM. N. 
Gréhaut and J. Peyrou.—Recurrence of the superficial earth- 
quake at Escarpel and in the neighbourhood of Douai, Départe- 
ment du Nord, by M. Virlet d’ ‘Aoust. 
CONTENTS PAGE 
The Life of Frank Buckland. Ry Rev. W. Tuckwell 385 
Compensation of Compasses. ..... AO oy tls 
The Forbes Memorial Volume .........-. 387 
Our Book Shelf :— 
Hall’s “* Elementary Algebra for Schools” .... 388 
Mackay’s ‘‘ Key to the Elements of Euclid” 388 
Schiafer’s ‘* Essentials of Histology.” —Dr. E. Klein, 
LE Seto Gosia DEON oc ooo 2c 388 
Howes’ “Atlas of Practical Elementary Biology ” 388 
Letters to the Editor :— 
Radiant Light and Heat.—A Student; Prof. Bal- 
four Stewart, F.R.S.... . =) A eS) 
Pulsation in the Veins. —J. Hippisley < .. 389 
The Fauna of the Seashore.—Arthur R. Hunt . . 390 
On the Terminology of the Mathematical Theory of 
Electricity. William Sutherland ....... 391 
An Encysting ‘‘Myzostoma” in Milford Haven.— 
P. Herbert Carpenter. . . +) OT 
Solid Electrolytes.—Shelford Bidwell . 3 391 
The Square Bamboo. By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, 
COMiG., FiRS: (Zidstrated)) pee ee Or 
Forecasting by Means of Weather Charts . . 392 
Radiant Light and Heat, II. By Prof. Balfour 
Stewart, F.R.S. (Zilustrated ) ieee 394. 
The Life of Aquatic Animals at High Pressure. 
(lustrated) = oe on ee fe ole aie te Tele ROO 
ie Bigg ai 5 bot 5S . oe ee 2 © 400 
Our Astronomical Column :— 
The Binary Star 70 Cee +) oh aye 402 
Tuttle’s Comet ... Mero oo}! UE 
The Comet of 1652. . . 402 
Astronomical Phenomena | for the "Week "1885, 
August 3oto September5 ...... - = = 6 =| 403 
Geographical Notes-. - 2... == - == 3% Bh 8 2 cies 
' Mineral Products of the United States... 404 
Prof. L. Sohncke on the mee of Thunderstorm 
Electricity seem aie ote te Beene Ae te mys Leas 
Cystoliths 2..Gn ie eee oecnt 3 Maine: come Oy, 
University and Educational Intelligence | Gecarecrs | / 
Societies and Academies. .........+-.-. 408 
