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1893. ] Flowers and Insects. 51 
nectar which is very attractive to flesh-flies. Visitors have 
abundant pollen massed about the bases of their proboscides. 
The flowers are homogamous. The stigma somewhat sur- 
passes the anthers and is separated from them. I do not 
think spontaneous self-pollination occurs, unless it be in bad 
weather. . 
The plants are common, often in large patches, grow from 
1 to 2 high and expose an umbel-like cluster of flowers. 
The flowers bloom from April 27th to June 6th. The follow- 
ing list of visitors was observed on May 12th, 16th, 17th, 
and 19th: 
Diptera— Syrphidae: (1) Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say, ab. ; 
(2) Volucella vesiculosa F.; (3) Eristalis dimidiatus Wd.; (4) 
Helophilus latifrons Lw.; (5) Tropidia mamillata Lw.; (6) 
Syritta pipiens L.; Tachinidae: (7) sp.; (8) Trichophora 
echinomoides Twns. ; (9) Gonia frontosa Say; Sarcophagidae: 
(10) Cynomyia sp., very ab. ; (11-13) Sarcophaga spp., very 
ab.; Muscidae: (14) Calliphoraerythrocephala Mg., freq. ; (15) 
C. vomitoria L. ; (6) Luciliasp., very ab. ; (17) L. caesar L., ab.; 
(18) L. iatifrons Schin., freq. ; (19) L. sericata Mg., two; (20) 
L. cornicina F.; (21) L. sylvarum Mg., very ab.; (22) Gra- 
phomyia sp.; (23) Myospila meditabunda F.; Axthomyidae: 
(24) Limnophora sp., ab. ; (25) Chortophila sp. ; (26) Coenosia 
sp.; Sctomyzidae: (27) Tetanocera sp.—all sucking. 
Hymenoptera — Apidae: (28) Apis mellifica L. 8; (29) 
Synhalonia speciosa Cr. $; (30) Osmia albiventris Cr. 2; (31) 
Nomada superba Cr. 6; Andrenidae: (32) Andrena sayi Rob. 
?; (33) A. flavo-clypeata Sm. 9: (34) A. mariae Rob. 
2; (35) Halictus lerouxii Lep. 92; (36) H. confusus Sm. 2; (37) 
H. albipennis Rob. 2; (38) H. tegularis Rob. 9; (39) Sphecodes 
arvensis Pttn. ?—all sucking, rare. 
Coleoptera — Coccinellidae: (40) Megilla maculata DeG., 
one; Lampyridae: (41) Telephorus bilineatus Say, one— 
both sucking. 
SPIRANTHES GRACILIS Bigelow.!— The flowers are white 
and measure 4 or 5™ long. The parts of the perianth, with 
the exception of the divergent lower sepals, are disposed so 
as to limit access to the nectar. The upper sepal is conni+ 
vent with the two upper petals, forming the upper wall of the 
tube. At their free ends these parts form a three-toothed 
upper lip. The lower wall is formed by the labellum, whose 
'See Darwin: Fertilization of Orchids; Gray: Am. Journ. Sci., XxxIv. 
