96 The Botanical Gazette. 
erence to the first question raised, as to the presence of bat 
teria in normal healthy tissues. 
It has been shown that certain bacteria caw live in plait 
tissues fora long time, if they are once allowed an entrant 
(as by artificial inoculation). What happens by artificialit 
oculation can under certain circumstances also take placeit! 
state of nature. If by any means, a plant is wounded inal 
way, bacteria can enter fromtheair, and if the tissues are st 
culent enough, they can at least live for considerable tim 
Bacteria introduced in this way as wound parasites wol! 
come to be enclosed in the tissue by the healing over of 
wounded surface, and thus error might arise as to their om? 
even if the experiments were carried out on the most rigid® 
bacteriological principles. A minute puncture would sufiite® 
allow them to enter, as was to be seen when a sterile plat 
num needle was thrust into the tissue of a stem and then ™ 
wound closed by vaseline as before. Cultures from thep® 
parenchyma showed bacteria that were also to be found 
the epidermis of the plant. 
_ Inconnection with the above results, I have made nl! 
ous attempts to isolate micro-organisms from different fo 
vegetable tissue, where I first made sure that there W 
wounds, but in no case have I been able to isolate them™ 
Ba 
hi 
et 
. wi fhe most healthy growing plants, and where the 
7o the plant is weakened to any great extent, the mie 
existence. 
University of C hicago. 
