1893.] Anatomical and Physiological Researches. eg | | 
Noteworthy anatomical and physiological researches. 
The plant cell and its organs. 
In 1892 three important papers were published on cellular 
structure, while smaller papers and contributions were issued 
abundantly. From Sachs! we have a short paper; from 
Biitschli? and Wiesner® extensive books. The fundamental 
organ in the cell, according to Sachs, is ‘‘the nucleus, with 
that part of the protoplasm which surrounds it and governs 
it,” and this organ is called an energid. Plurinuclear cells, 
therefore, are easily understood to be a system of organs, 
since these cells contain more than one energid, and the 
growth of the number of energids determines growth in gen- 
eral. In the continuation of his ‘«Arbeiten’”’ Sachs promises 
to give a full account of this theory. 
Like Berthold, * Biitschli regards the protoplasmic structure 
aS an emulsion, and in proper mixtures he has been able to 
Produee his ‘‘Schiiume,”’ which, when microscopically exam- 
on appear to have a structure very much like that of the pro- 
a asm, though,as Wiesner shows, the two do not result from 
€ same molecular forces. Consequently Biitschli sees in the 
Process of intussusception only diffusion. 
aire, hited at length the theories of Schwann, ® Ni- 
pail e ae Berthold, Strasburger,* and Altmann, ® con- 
iia S ular anatomy and physiology, and shows logical 
Pern Ate neither of these can be held as generally appli- 
higieni: of showing, in a historical introduction, how the 
tte ‘nah cls and the growth of the living substance 
Position in bn by previous authors, he states his own 
“Between ok a ‘ 
molecular € visible Structure of the organism and the 
structure which is common to all matter, is an or- 
"Zor Zelle t : 
a lUttersuch, tag er 1802. 
‘Die Blegen fe: 24 Mark. 
Holder. 189 enlarsttuktur und das Wachsthum der lebenden Substanz. Wien. 
'‘Stua: 2. 6 Mark 
sy Sdien jibe 
58-63. 
ae Schaiume und das Protoplasma. Leipzig, Eng- 
Protopl ; ae 
Mikroskopj Piasmamechanik. Leipzig. 1886. 
sDie Stirkekoener sreucbungen. Berlin. 1839. 
Osmotisch tT, Ziirich. . 
oa : Untersuchungen. Leipzig, 1877, and Pflanzenphysiologie, t. 
‘stologische Bej 
18) Die Genese qige it. Ueber das Wachsthum der Zellhaute. Jena, 18 
(Structure of nucles /® Leipzig. 1887; (b) Archiv £. Anat. und Physiol. 
®us); (c) die Elementarorganismen. Leipzig, 1890. 
