212 The Botanical Gazette. 
On the development of the caryopsis. 
RODNEY H. TRUE. : 
WITH PLATES XXIV—xXkXVI, A 
Historical. 
The structure of the fruit of the grasses seems to have re — 
ceived little attention prior to the beginning of the present 
century. During this period of increased interest in plant — 
anatomy, some study was given to the structure of someol — 
the commonest grains and even at this early date many ob — 
servations were made that stood unquestioned until the lat — 
decade. Especially notable was the work done by Mirbel — 
He described for the first time the fruit of the Graminew and 
applied to it the name ‘‘cerium”.' His definition was as fo — 
lows: ‘‘A fruit in which, toward maturity, the ovary walls be 4 
come united with the integuments of the seed. Richard’, at _ 
a later date, gave the name of ‘‘caryopsis” to the same fruit 
defined in a similar way. a 
The researches of Schleiden? published in 1837 and ie 
1850 dealt with the fruit of the rye, Secale cereale L. In ; 
the earlier publication, the development of the grain was cot 
sidered. 
In 1870, Anton Nowaki‘t gave a condensed developmental 
history of the wheat grain and its envelopes. oN 
In 1875, F. Kudelka published® the most complete acco - 
of the structure and the development of the common ie 4 
that had yet appeared. He described in great detail the . 
velopment of the fruit of the rye from the time of the bloo 
ing of the flower to that of the ripeness of the § ee 
general conclusions reached are substantially as follows: | 
fehlende Schichten der Frucht- und Samenschale der & 
Zeit der Reife ist der innere Bau der Frucht- und bei ase 
oft nicht deutlich erkennbar. Zusatz von Kali, aah 
treffende Priparat aufquillt und dadurch mehr de : 
SSC TES RIL ea at cna ae oe RO ae ge ey aS 
: , wa: at the 
‘The index numbers refer to numbered titles in the bibliography : 
of this Paper 
