ki 
a 
{ 
1893.) The Organism of Leguminous Tubercles. 227 
which it was based to growths from the roots of Vicza, ete. 
Fries however retains Bivona’s two species S. /otorum and 
5. medicaginum and it was reserved for Tulasne?? to cast them 
out of the category of fungi. To A. P. DeCandolle?® they re- 
sembled small fungi like Sc/erotéwm but he regarded them as 
diseased outgrowths and Wigand!4 recently has looked upon 
them as pathological forms. 
Jessen'* doubts their parasitic origin, and Clos!® believed 
them normal structures with a physiological role and called 
them lenticels. 
hers saw in them the products of animal parasitism, 
Malpighi'’ giving to insects the credit of their origin while 
' preferred tocharge them to the account of A ngutllu- 
ide. Later he withdrew the charge and treated them as 
root branches, 19 
Toco have argued that the tubercles were normal or- 
aon “Osh ake hold very diverse views as to their 
sisisllon, to; e ‘ou economy. Gasparini?® describes them 
pela £ral roots and with Kolaczek?! thought they were 
or absorbing food. DeVries?” and Wittmack?? in-— 
terpr ; ! 
"habia them as lateral roots with dwarfed growth, while 
us” Judged they were imperfect buds which in case 
» Fungi Hypogaei, 1851. 
— Sur les Lé 25 
langen der Papili halb der geschlossenen gewebes der knollenartigen Anschwel- 
. me cs Wurzel. Bot. ‘heft. Forsch. aus dem Bot. Gart. 
Maturali, 183g ' P. 09, cited by Pichi, Atti della Societa Toscani di scienze 
18s; 
tzun: : ; 
nea d. Bot. Verein d. Prov. Brandenburg, 1878. p. 54. 
* Nes tubercles 1848; Du collet dans les plantes et de la nature 
si = Ann. d. Sci. ot. TIL. xuic, 1849. 
Le See also cerca Pars sec. deGallis. Opera 1. 1687, cited by Vuillemin, 
Planzen, net, Pflanzenkrankheiten. 1. 744; Frank, Krankheiten der 
i ee 
Commission du Phylloxéra, 1876, 
he = sur le Phylloxera vastatrix, 
Memoires del’ Académie des sciences. 
zioni sy : ; ; 
bes all. Ae. dj Napot oh ttura dei spongiolari di alcune piante leguminose, 
* 58. » 1851; cited by Tschirch, Ber. d. deutsch. bot. Gesells. 
veiasttnepchichted 1856. p. 374. 
4. Bot, Venra®s,toten Klees. Landw. Jahrb. von Theil 6, 1, 1877; 
ae hte “Sg d. Prov. Brandenburg. 1878. p. 54-55. 
Ben et Welbiong 4 ‘eat d. Prov. Brandenburg. 1874. p. 54. 
ava irdi lenbildung. 
P- 393. See Vuillemin, hse zu unterirdischer Kno 3 ng 
