370 The Botanical Gazette. [October, 
Except the pines and sequoias, all of our other coniferous — 
trees are commonly credited with being annual fruited, al- 
though various authors have distinctly stated that the juni- 
pers or savins are biennial fruited. é 
Dr. Asa Gray in his manuals leaves us to infer that the 
junipers are annual fruited, and so do Emerson,? and Chap- 
man. ® 
Bigelow* says of the fruit of Juniperus communis that “it 
requires two years to arrive at maturity from the flower,” but 
makes no observation as to J. Virginiana, so that it would be — 
assumed to be annual fruited; and Wood*® makes the same ; 
record. 
Watson®, in giving the characters of the genus Juniperus, — 
states that the fruit only arrives at maturity in the seconé a 
year, and Coulter? makes a similar note. . 
Dr. George Engelmann in his monograph® sage “The 
juicy strobil, galbulus, which we may for shortness sake des- 
ignate by the popular name of derry, matures like the pe 
the oaks and the true pines in the second year, but, un 
them, it attains almost its full size in the first autumn, ie 
even the stony coating of the seed is pretty well formed; 
it matures fully a year later. We often observe pages 
both years, young and maturing ones, on the same stock; ri 
where it bears only every other year, as conifers eee 
fruit of one season and of one state of maturation only is 
at one time.” : 
So far as I have been able to examine into the ne 
these instances are the only records by American f Juni- 
gaan ngs 5 sas ted that the fruit © : 
where it is distinctly implied or state ive at mature | 
i 
y 
A oh int 
liarity, although their testimony is conflicting. Ebene” 
redrus, Je 
Behlen® says of J. Sabina, J. communis, J. Oxyced oe 
4 
*Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts. 
Flora of the Southern States. sensis, 1849, 399: 
*Medical Botany, 11 (1820).45; Fl. Bostoniensis, 1949, 
®Class Book of Botan 
~Botany of California, m. 111,1 Las Me oo i 
Flora of the Rocky Mountain Region, 429. Acad. Sei. 5¢ ™* 
*The American Junipers of the Section Sabina, Trans. 
mr (1877). 586. 
*Bot. Handbuch, 1824. 269-275. 
