374 The Botanical Gazette. [October, 
parent, and a little later, or when the plants are again in 
good bloom, the year-old galbuli have grown to about four 
millimeters in length and nearly as large in diameter, the 
three fleshy enveloping scales having grown rapidly and be- — 
come almost perfectly coalesced or consolidated around and ‘ 
above the three inner or seed-bearing scales, the outer pro- 
tecting minute imbricated dry scales making no growth and 
being shoved aside and left at the base. : 
Growth and development are continued throughout this — 
second summer and by the end of the second autumn the gal- 3 
buli have attained to three-fourths or four-fifths of the ulti- 
mate size, and are still quite green without and within. The — 
seeds are filled with soft milky immature albumen. 
In the third spring and summer the albumen grows firm and 
solid, the process of hardening being gradual from the center 
toward the circumference, the differentiation taking place be- 
ing quite plainly seen on making a cross section of the se 
at the end of May or early in June. About the end of get 
mer the fruits or galbuli begin to change color and assume 
the bluish or bluish-black color characteristic of maturity: 
The outer fleshy portion of the fruit changes from a green 
and hard texture to a soft mealy one, having a somewhat res 
inous sweet flavor. It is now, in the autumn © inate 
year from flowering, fully ripe and in a condition togeriir 
or be eaten by birds. ok 
When not aeee fertilized, or when otherwise a 
or injured, the immature fruits often turn purplish ane sary’ 
in the second season. 7 ; ee 
Some of the published figures of the fruit ee bets ia 
munis show the tips of more than three scales as formt pbs 
outer fleshy covering, another whorl of scales ea Loe 
sented with the tips showing around the sides of the§ : 
In fact, there are only three scales which combine 
the entire outer part of the fruit in this species; an 4 of course 
their tips have become smooth and rounded, eg jeaving th 
are only to be noticed around the as a faweh 
i e. ese 
sides perfectly smooth to the bas cane 
ing time were not noticeable, being hidden, 
beneath the outer leafy protecting scales. 
I have not had enough or sufficiently fresh m 
cure accurate data as to the length of tim 
ture fruit among western species of Juniper 
