436 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
of these weeds may appear, but never in any abundance. Finally 
there are those places on the flat shallow marsh already men- 
tioned (p. 293), from which the salt appears to have been 
largely removed, where a growth of bushes with some weeds may 
appear. These spots are of some interest as showing the ten- 
dency of the marsh, when freed from the hindering influence of 
the salt, to develop the climatic type of vegetation for this 
region, namely, the forest. 
C. HYDROPHYTIC DIVISION. 
Consists of plants of various aspect, but typically of soft texture and 
small to moderate size, provided with abundant air system enabling 
them to thrive in part or in whole in standing water. Contains here 
four formations. 
I], THE WET-MARSH FORMATION. 
Consists of plants capable of enduring much but not constant 
standing water at the roots, but otherwise able to meet the con- 
ditions of the meadow; hence composed mostly of grasses and 
similar forms. 
Occupies all places with constant capillary but only occa- 
sional hydrostatic fresh water, hence occuring in bands between 
the high marsh, whether reclaimed or salt, and the bogs, and 
coming in on reclaimed marsh wherever the drainage is neg- 
lected. It occupies very extensive areas, perhaps equaling the 
Phleumetum in extent and readily distinguished from the latter 
by the brighter green color of at least a part of it. 
It is composed of two associations. 
6. THE SPARTINA CYNQSUROIDES, OR BROADLEAF ASSOCIATION, 
OR MACROSPARTINETUM. 
The characteristic association of the reclaimed marshes 
wherever drainage is poor but standing water is usually absent, 
and hence occupying great areas on the lower parts of the 
marshes away from the rivers and sea and between the Phleu- 
metum and the bog (figs. 7, 8). The bad aeration of the soil 
permits the change to blue clay earlier discussed (p. 288), 
which seems usually to underlie the association. The associa- 
tion is readily distinguished to the eye by the large size, grace- 
