310 Dr. J. E. Gray on Anchoring Sponges. 
plectella, are called anchoring-filaments, because they are 
spread out in the mud and hold the sponge in its place, For 
three or four hooks, like a grapnel, and a few scattered recurved . 
hooks above them : 
There appear to be several species of Sponges allied to the 
one from Portugal; and I should be inclined to form them 
into a family, which may be called Pheronemade. They are 
Pheronema Anne, after his wife; and in the ‘ American Na- 
turalist’ for March 1870, he gave figures of the specimen 
and of its spicules, one of the figures showing the anchor- 
termination. This species has the anchor-filaments in twenty- 
five distinet tufts, but they are not so long as the length ofthe 
sponge; and there are no rings of cilia on the upper surface 
near the opening of the internal cavity; but this may be oc- 
casioned by the state of the specimen. P 
Dr. Carpenter and Prof. Wyville Thomson discovered in the 
deep-sea dredging in the North Sea a beautiful sponge of this 
family, which Prof. Thomson has described and figured in the 
