322 Dr. T. A. Chapman on the Life-History 
and about this period the curving forwards of the head of the 
beetle-larva, hitherto well-marked, becomes extreme. Al- 
normal wasp-grub and that over a Rhipiphorus. I mention this 
not to show that Rhipiphorus does not spin it, which is suffi- 
ciently clear, but to show that it is not interfered with by the 
proceedings of Rhipiphorus, and that the wasp-larva is able 
to spin it as usual, although it is attacked before it has begun 
to spin. Nevertheless, although the silk is the same, as soon 
as the Rhipiphorus-larva has grown at all, the cell is easily 
detected. It looks decidedly whiter than the surrounding 
cells, from the larva or immature pupa of Rhipiphorus shining 
through. The larva of Rhipiphorus is much whiter than that 
of the wasp; and the pupa is quite white, whilst that of the 
wasp has two large brown or black eyes. As the time o 
emergence approaches, the Rhipiphorus-cell looks blackish or 
reddish as compared with the greenish tint given to the silk 
by the shining through of the black and yellow face of the 
wasp. 
The holes. that Mr. Murray observes so frequently in the 
silken dome covering the Riipiphorus-cells are not to be found 
over those that are still small, but over full-grown larve an 
pupe ; they may frequently also be seen over healthy wasp- 
pupe. They are evidently made by perfect wasps, who in- 
vestigate every thing that appears unusual in the cells, with 
the apparent object of removing a dead larva; at any rate, the 
presence of a living Rhipiphorus-larva seems to satisfy them 
as well as one of their own pupe. 
e wasp-grubs and pups always face towards the centre 
of the comb, those of Rhipiphorus, as follows from its mode of 
devouring its vietim, always face in the o posite direction ; 
they look to the outer angle of the cell, wie to the one next 
it on either side. e perfect Rhipiphori emerge about two 
days after the wasps of the same row. 
