Room i NE ONIS TTE MIS IN ENE 
Mr. W. S. Kent on Madreporaria. 459 
XLVIT.— Observations on the Madreporaria or “ Stony Corals ”’ 
taken, in the late Expedition of the Yacht * Norna,’ off the 
Coast of Spain and Portugal. By W. Savie Kenr, 
F.Z.S., F.R.M.S., of the Geological Department, British 
useum. 
Sect. APOROSA. 
Fam. Turbinolidz. 
Caryophyllia Smithii, Stokes. 
This coral was dredged up attached to shells and stones, at 
a depth of 20 fathoms, off Cezimbra. Specimens kindly placed 
in my hands by Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys, from the Hebrides, Va- 
lencia, and Malta, convince me of the correctness of Dr. Dun- 
can’s opinion that C. Smithit, borealis, and clavus are merely 
varieties of the same species; but at the same time there are, 
I think, scarcely sufficient grounds for uniting with these, as 
he proposes, the Mediterranean Caryophyllia cyathus. This 
latter possesses a massiveness and compactness of its corallum 
and internal arrangement and structure, and a smoothness 
of the external surface of the theca, which bestow upon it 
a facies quite distinct from what obtains in either of the other 
varieties ; the columella, pali, and septa are far more solid, 
and the latter would also seem to be more rounded and more 
evenly exsert. In C. cyathus, again, the contour of the cali- 
cinal fossa is almost or quite circular, while in the other va- 
rieties it is usually more or less oblong. 
Desmophyllum crista galli, M.-Edw. 
Three examples of this species, all of which were attached 
to masses of Lophohelia prolifera or its variety anthophyllites, 
were obtained fat a depth of 500 fathoms. As individuals, 
the three differ from one another considerably. One extreme 
example has large prominent coste continuous from the exte- 
rior margin of the exsert septa of the primary, secondary, and, 
often, tertiary orders, to the very base: in the oppositely ex- 
treme one the costal elements are entirely absent or merel 
represented by obscure Ses emer strie. The mtermediate 
form has the costæ produced superiorly, while towards the base 
the theca is simply striate. In internal structure and arrange- 
ment, including the development of the septa, the three speci- 
mens taken agree precisely. 
In consideration of the above remarks, it will, I think, be 
necessary to refer to this same species the Desmophyllum Ruset 
of Michelotti (Mém. sur les Corall. des Antilles, 1859), which 
