172 
d) Hexamerous flower, 3 of the sepals small, 2 moderate, | big. 
The number of stigmas remains two in all the cases, so the 
number of carpels does not seem liable to variation. 
COMPOSITAE. 
Helianthus annuus UL. 
Habitat America. 
Coll. March 1894, 1897. 
}. Synanthody, and this under the following circumstances: 
the stem terminates in a normal flower-head, but from the 
axil of each leaf springs a peduncle with two capitula; these 
capitula are either separately peduncled or sessile and in the 
latter case they may cohere or even coalesce. The common 
peduncle is flattened at the top and shows two longitudinal 
furrows and two medullary cavities more or less separated, at 
the base the peduncle is almost cylindrical. Evidently one has. 
to do here with fission (in various degrees) of the meristemes 
of the flower-heads. One of the peduncles bears a third capitulum. 
Penzie deals with Synanthody IT p. 67. 
2. A number of germinating plants of a length 1 dM. bifurcate. 
3. One of these bifurcating stems showed at the point of 
division 5 leaves instead of four; the figure (93) shows that 
this abnormal number is caused by the bifurcation of one of 
the leaves '). On the contrary an other bifurcated plant, less 
strong than the preceding one, showed only three leaves. 
Rudbeckia radula Pursh. | 
Habitat North America. 
Coll. March 1898. 
Several capitula bear on the disk, which for the rest is 
covered with tubular florets and paleae, a few bracts with 
ligulate florets. One of the specimens shows all round the centre 
of the disk a ring of bracts and on the outer side of each of 
them a ligulate floret and these placed in such a way that 
the upper side of each corolla faces that of the opposite ray- 
1) Bifureating leaves have been observed in H. tuberosus, Penzie II, p. 68. 
