38 The Botanical Gazette. [January, 
cluding localities providing similar palmetto leaves, also began 
its history at a date as early as the middle, pre-Chesapeake, 
Miocene. In this connection it may be of interest to notice 
that among the strongly washed marine fossils of Chipola age, 
at Gasteropod Gully, on Roseland Plantation four and one- 
half miles south of Bainbridge (owned by Prof. Pumpelly and 
- Major T. B. Brooks), were found two land gasteropods, onea — 
Helix somewhat resembling H. adamnis Dall, and the other 
four and one-half whorls from the upper part of a Bulimulus, 
similar to B. Heilprinianus Dall. Inthose days of the Chip- 
ola Miocene the Gulf Stream had a passage between what 
was then the island of Florida and the mainland of central 
Georgia and regions north. Gasteropod Gully must have 
been near the south shore of this mainlan& and received its 
land shells from that direction. The locality at Alum Bl 
is also a marine deposit, as is shown by the oysters and other 
shells not at all so very rare in these Alum Bluff sands. In-_ 
deed the Chipola fossils run up into the base of these sands. 
Some of the oysters occur at higher levels than the plants. 
The water may, however, have been very shallow and 
brackish. The locality is a very important one in that It 
enables the correlation of horizons in the widely extended 
Grand Gulf deposits, with this more local sandy late Chipola 
bed. Hitherto there has been no proof of their earlier that 
post-Chesapeake Miocene age. The writer is of the opinion 
that the Grand Gulf series includes horizons which are equiva 
lent in time to the earliest Miocene or Chattahoochee lime 
stone deposits of Florida and southwestern Georgia, but this 
i 
is hardly the place to develop this idea. = 
