164 The Botanical Gazette. [April, 
Revision of Guttiferz.! 
This latest volume of a series of famous monographs, which form a 
continuation of the Prodromus, is the last one to bear the name of Al- 
phonse De Candolle. Ina prefatory note the son, Casimir, promises 
that the third generation will continue the work on the same plan. 
The volume is also interesting because M. Vesque has made large use 
of minute anatomical characters, including them everywhere in his 
descriptions. In the preface the author discusses the value of such 
characters and emphasizes the importance of their increasing use in 
recent systematic work. The limitation of the family is along the old 
lines, the Aypericacee and certain genera of Zernstroemiacea, which 
are included by Engler in Die Matitrlichen Pflanszenfamilien, being &- 
cluded. The Aypericacee are not excluded on the basis of the distr 
bution of resiniferous canals, as suggested by Van Tieghem, but are 
regarded as entirely distinct on many grounds, strikingly so in minute 
characters. For instance, the hairs, the stomata, the oxalate crystals, all 
oppose such union. The stomata of Gu/tifere are constantly of the ru- 
biaceous type, that is, with two accessory cells parallel with the cleft; 
while those of Hyfericace@ are as constantly of the cruciferous typ 
Such work is to be expected of M. Vesque, who sees in minute ane 
tomical structures the same principles of evolution developed, indi- 
cating genetic relationships, that we have been accustomed to apply 
only in gross structures. Under each species the two sets of charac: 
ters are distinctly separated, his “epharmosis” giving 4 compact ac 
count of the histological peculiarities. One cannot but feel amazement 
at the immense amount of work such treatment involves. This preat 
tropical family, of which the large tribe C/usice is exclusively Amer 
can, is represented in this monograph by 495 species, forty of wht 
bear the name of M. Vesque as author. The three large a 
are Garcinia of tropical Asia and Africa, with 186 species; Clusia, 
tropical America, with ninety-six species; and Calophyllum, of the trop 
ics In general, with sixty-four species. : - the 
_A curious and quite effective method of presentation is used 10 to 
discussion as to the value of “epharmonic” characters, in relation” 
the large stress put upon the development of the hypoderma. pee 
botanists, A and B, are represented as debating the question and t nic 
Opposite views. Naturally A, who adopts the value of “epharmo 
es evinces 3 Casiit 
Pot J.—Mono i Alphonse d 
ge graphiz Phanerogamarum, etc., AlpHoBs” Masso 
a editors, Vol. VIII, Guttiferz. 8vo. pp. 679. Paris: G- 
