354 The Botanical Gazette. [September, 
plains some seeming anomalies in the fruiting habits of some 
of our common Marchantiacez. The impression has prevailed 
and is now wide spread that while Marchantia may commonly 
be found in fruit, Conocephalus rarely produces it. The 
fruiting branch of Marchantia is developed before the matur- 
ity of the sporogone is reached. This branch is therefore 
firm and consequently persistent. The botanist who only 
rarely comes in contact with plants except as they are pre- 
served in herbaria or imbedded in celloidin has considerable 
opportunity to see the fruit bearing branches of Marchantia 
as they are developed, long before the spores are mature and 
persist long after the spores are scattered. On the other 
hand, Conocephalus, whose archegones are fertilized during 
the late summer or early autumn, matures its capsules within 
the carpocephalum before the fruit bearing branch of the thal- 
lus is developed. In this condition it passes the winter and 
with the earliest return of spring the reserve material of the 
thallus rapidly aids in sending up a semi-hyaline slendet 
branch which lasts barely long enough to allow the capsules 
to burst through their calyptre and then withers away. J 
the time the spring botanist, roused from his hibernation, 
goes forth to search for Anemone or Epigea, Conocephats 
as long since scattered its spores, its fruiting branch is with- 
ered, and the late observer concludes that it rarely 
fruit. He who will become a botanist in any broad sens 
must come in contact with nature face to face at all reek? 
and study plants as they grow, as well as in the her al 
and laboratory. The man who sees and studies plants ee 
as they are represented by dried herbarium fragt pr 
accordanée with the stereotyped formula, “treated beet ‘cro 
per cent. solution of chromic acid, stained in mass wit bie 
carmine, imbedded in paraffine and cut with a _ pene 
tome,” is sure to get a one-sided notion of the true ol 
gies of the vegetable world. i ; 
While all Ge minutiz of the relations of the Marchant 7 
have not been worked out, the following provera thet 
= (see diagram opposite) will give some idea © . 
nities. come 
From simple forms like Riccia, themselves dosh ae 
siderable advance over the primitive hepatic, ip htly more 4 
modification in Ricciocarpus and Tesselina, and ein) To the 
differentiated forms in Corsinia and Funic ge and 
former are allied such higher forms as Clevea, Ay* ao 
