358 The Botanical Gazette. | [September, 
from their normal habitat on the ground and on decaying 
logs to the bark of trees and even the surface of leaves, 
which in tropical countries are often wholly covered with var- 
ious species of Lejeunea,? together with an occasional Radula 
and rarely species of other genera. The reputed symbiosis of 
rotifers and other small animals with these water sacs of 
Lejeunea and Frullania has been commented on by many ob- 
servers. 
4. No less remarkable is the development of the perianth 
which serves as a special protection to the maturing sporo- 
gone. This is normally free from the uppermost stem leaves, 
which are usually modified from the ordinary form. In cer- 
tain genera like Nardia, Marsupella, Schistocheila and Har- 
panthus, the perianth becomes more or less adherent to the 
involucral leaves and in some instances forms a bulbous or 
gibbous enlargement at the base. An exaggeration of this 
bulbous development produces the marsupiocarpous condition 
found in Kantia, Geocalyx, Tylimanthus and several pre 
genera, in which the sporogone is developed at the base ol a 
pendulous pouch which penetrates the substratum, OF in 
tropical Tylimanthus is hung among the stems of Hess 
mosses which grow in its vicinity. It is of interest whee 
that this condition has been developed independen’y 
widely different sections of the family and cannot be er 
ered as forming a tribal alliance by itself as was form 
maintained. 
: ye all 
It must now be evident that the Jungermaniales, abov 
he most elabora 
typical representatives of this class. When we@ ae 
great degree of differentiation, the wide-spread aye a 
distribution of the Jungermaniales which has ss equentlf 
ulating almost every available island in the world, pee a 
with endemic species, it becomes evident that pee a 
tribute a great antiquity to the group. The pviow 
absence of the hepatics in fossiliferous rocks, for On athe 
sons, should count as little in determining their pe as cate 
Ill. The Anthocerotales. Having considered the ee Ye 
in which the hepatics have disported themselves 2° 
Soe Pe patics Dave re 
_ *I have only once found our Lejeunea calcarea in arene" the damp masse 
it completely covered a small leaf of Camptosorus growing ip Po ing 
ravine. This is the first instance known to me of Leje 
epiphyte in northern latitudes. 
