372 The Botanical Gazette. [September, 
come much modified and very different from each other, the 
upper portion becoming a very thick triangular bract, in some 
cases preserving the woolly groove, in other cases the groove — 
being obliterated and appearing only as a minute tuft at the — 
tip. In all cases the spiniferous areola is completely oblit- 
erated. It seems evident that Anhalonium is an offshoot from 
forms intermediate between Echinocactus and Coryphantha 
Lophophora has been still more puzzling, as it shows @ 
grooveless tubercle, upon the summit of which is the florifer 
ous areola, suggesting at once Echinocactus, to which the 
forms have mostly been referred. However, the entire dix — 
appearance of a spiniferous areola should suggest doubt. The 
very young tubercle of Lophophora shows the floriferous are 
ola below the summit, but the small tip develops no further, — 
while the floriferous areola becomes terminal by the large de- 
velopment of the lower portion of the tubercle into a br 
mass, in the center of which the floriferous areola appears a 
a small depression with a penicellate tuft of hairs. 
In conclusion, in the group of forms under connie : 
Echinocactus is suggested as the primitive one, with | 
grooveless tubercles bearing at summit the contign? an 
The formation of a groove separating these slightly . tthe 
and finally carrying the floriferous areola to the ax! wa | 
tubercle, has given rise to Coryphantha, intermediate nd 
having given rise to the aberrant genera Anhalonium 
Lophophora; while the closing of the Coryphantha gi ; 
has given rise to Eumamillaria. It may be that a 
tion has proceeded in the opposite direction, from per : 
laria to Echinocactus, but it would not change the © i 
position of the genera here suggested. a 
BESSEY, CHARLES E.: Simplification and “ge asized 
Structure in the angiosperms.—The spea jee. increasing — 
thought that evolution proceeds in the direction Ob" 
simplification as well as of increasing complexity. 5 of groups 
bellifere and Composite were used as in ae of the 
of high rank in which there has been a simpli ad © 
floral parts. This is not to be confused with reat ®°e 
ation, such as occurs in dodder and mistleto. panical tise 
NEWCOMBE, F. C.: Regulatory growth De ne 
sue.—To be published in full in this journal. hip Pe 
: . elationsmy 
BEssEY, C. E.: Further studies im the fr 5. —The 
arrangement of the families of flowering plant: = 
