1894. ] Anatomical and Physiological Researches, 4Il 
one-half meter from the stem was still dormant. By the 21st 
of June the annual growth of stem was half completed. When 
compared with the preceding annual ring the thickness of the 
forming ring was found to vary from .45 to.72. On the 19th 
of August the formation of wood at the base of the trunk had 
ceased, in the upper part of the trunk the cells were still 
thinwalled and unlignified, while in the smaller branches cell- 
formation was stil] going on. By the 5th of September the 
formation of wood had ceased in all parts of the tree. The 
time required for the formation of the annual ring is thus 
» own to be a little more than four months, extending from 
last third of. April to the last of August. In this connection 
the author states that in red beech and pine growth does not 
egin until about four weeks later, being completed in the 
pine as early as Aug. roth, and in the beech but little later, 
making the time required for formation of an annual ring in 
the beech and pine about two and a half months. 
tthe time that shoots and leaves are developing, a com- 
plete transformation of the starch in the smaller branches 
fakes place. In the older parts of the tree the starch of the 
bark (phloem and cortex) is first changed for the nourishment 
of the cambium. At the beginning of June for a short time 
all starch disappears from the sap-wood. This disappearance 
has alr cady begun in the upper part of the trunk by the os 
nach May. The disappearance of starch progresses pres 
downward, and is completed by the 6th of June, only o 
“arch of the roots remaining unchanged. By the middle « 
a the storing of food ‘in the form of starch has beens in 
* Suter sap-wood layers of the trunk and of branches a ey 
'd. The I-3-year-old twigs are still without ears . 
© Newer sap-wood is still empty. The youngest W a 
the | on the contrary, shows some starch in the vicinity 
ni hoy vessels. Traces of it are also found in ars a . 
With = beginning of July all parts of the tree are We!" © Poon 
"eserve starch. Its accumulation in the phloem ne 
