462 The Botanical Gazette. [November, 
Nothing could be more interesting from the point of view 
of phyllotaxy than this attempt of plants to maintain a quater- 
nate phyllotaxy, after numerically they had gone over to the 
normal ternate plan. 
A fourth case, also found by Mr. Rynerson, has three or- 
dinary leaves in ternate order (fig. 3). There are two ordin- 
ary sepals, and the third one has been 
replaced by a green leaf of about 
one-half the ordinary size, but di- 
vided almost to the very base, the 
venation of each half near the base 
being obliquely outward as when 
forming part of an entire leaf. The 
result is that the two divisions of the. 
leaf-like sepal and the two ordinary 
sepals take up a position which is 
ternate to a certain extent and de- 
cussate with reference to the normal leaves, but more 
quaternate when considered among themselves. It is im- 
possible to reproduce this effect satisfactorily in a diagram. 
Decussating with this set should come four petals if the 
quaternate plan is to be carried out. The fact is that the 
petals do decussate, but there being only three petals, 
this leaves one space vacant. Next on the quaternate plan 
there should be four stamens, one above each of the two nor- 
mal sepals, and one above each division of the leaf like 
sepal. These are present. Next should be found four 
stamens, one over each of the petals present, and one over 
the space left vacant in the row of petals; but the last one 
does not occur, thus showing a return to the ternate order 
numerically but not necessarily in position. Finally, if the 
quaternate arrangement is to hold, one style should appear 
over each of the outer (four) stamens. These occur, but one 
of them is smaller and its cell is narrower than in the rest. 
The numerical order is therefore three, four, three, four, 
three, four, the quaternate position, however, being main 
tained, even where the actual number of parts had gone back 
to the ordinary arrangement in threes. 
Ulmus. Mr. W. B. Werthner, teacher in the High School 
here and an expert botanist, found this spring on McDaniel St. 
a very interesting set of cases of dédoublement of leaves which 
Seemed to be quite common in the young vigorous elms along 
Fig. 3: 
