1894. } Current Literature. 511 
in the narrower domain of his specialty. The diversity of form and 
internal structure of the galls, and the fact that species are often dis- 
tinguished more from the excrescence on the plant than from the ap- 
pearance of the insect, should incite botanists to give them attention. 
The author takes up the evolution of the gall, its minute structure, and 
the question of its specific form, and brings forward many new facts 
and views. 
a The work closes with a list of the Cynipide, a bibliography of the 
| subject, and a substantial index. The publishers have done their part 
well, providing a clear page, excellent colored plates, and an attractive 
binding. 
a A laboratory manual of bacteriology. 
q New manuals for laboratory use in bacteriology have been numer- 
ous of late. The last one comes from the University of Michigan, 
from a laboratory famous for good work. This volume by Dr. 
Novy? is more in the nature of outlines for the Michigan laboratory, 
than for general use (which will doubtless account for occasional crud- 
ities of diction and looseness of statement), yet many teachers will be 
grateful for its publication. It isinterleaved with blank pages for memo- 
randa, which some persons may consider an inconvenient form in 
_ which to keep notes. The directions for laboratory procedure are con- 
_Cise, apposite and easily followed. There are diagnoses, occupying a 
page each, of about twenty-five non-pathogenic forms and thirty 
pathogenic forms. A series of good lecture outlines, covering the 
most important topics relating to the general subject of bacteria, a 
interspersed with the laboratory directions, indicating the groun 
which the student should cover by lectures, recitations oF additiona 
reading. 
Minor Notices. 
Dr. W. F. Ganonc has distributed his paper’ bes ag morphology 
and biology of Cactacez, which contains much interesting ae 
concerning a much neglected and most interesting group itn peg 
Among the results obtained the following are pei PO ses an 
tles are shown to be metamorphosed leaves; every eae eaves 
axillary bud which usually remains single, but 1m | id as d. 
Mamillaria (Cactus), Anhalonium, etc., the re is Hak & bro: 
the forking being neither lateral branching nor dic : : sue point; 
duction of permanent tissue between two parts ise ab f 
‘Novy, Freperick G.:—Directions for laboratory wae ng Nes 
the use of the medical classes “8 the University of Michigan. : 
. ___Beitra zur Kenntniss 
‘ Seales pilonarry eee agural-Dissertation, Munich. 1 
1.50. : 
interleaved. 2 pl. George W. T, Ann Arbor, [1894]. . - Morphologie und i 
