N 
Crossland: Fungus Foray at Sandsend. 2 
This is a subject that could well be taken in hand by the 
field mycologist to whom the work appealed; and every item 
of information gained, although perhaps not leading to im- 
mediate results, would eventually dovetail in, and result in 
a complete knowledge not only as to how particular parasites 
attack their host-plants, how they survive during the period 
when their host-plant is not present (as in the case of many 
annuals, cereals, etc.,) and also indicate the most vulnerable 
point in their development. 
Finally, now that the county flora is published, the necessity 
for selecting a new site for each foray no longer exists. On 
the other hand, it is considered highly desirable that the fungus 
flora of some particular district should be exhaustively worked, 
and as the Mulgrave Woods have proved to be so eminently 
suitable for the carrying out of this idea, it has been decided 
to devote at least one more foray to the investigation of the 
Mulgrave area, which is so extensive and varied that, from our 
special point of view, it is practically independent of seasonal 
vicissitudes, which, to a greater or less extent, determine the 
presence or absence of fungi in less favoured districts. 
The Structure and Life History of an Agaric. 
(ABSTRACT). 
HAROLD WAGER, F.R.S. 
Tue fruit body arises from the mycelium as an oval or spherical 
mass of filaments matted together, in which the differentiation 
of the hymenium begins at an early stage, and usually before 
any external differentiation into pileus and stipe can be seen. 
In Pholiota squarrosa, however, the difference between pileus 
and stipe can be seen before the hymenium is developed, 
in the direction in which the scales of the universal veil begin 
to peel off. 
The cells of the hymenium regularly, so far as can be seen, 
contain two nuclei, but, whether these divide by conjugate 
division, as has been suggested, is doubtful. The basidium at 
an early stage in its development is found to contain two 
nuclei. The presence of more than two appears to be an 
abnormal occurrence. These two nuclei fuse, and the single 
nucleus thus formed gives rise by two successive divisions to 
four nuclei which then pass through the narrow sterigmata 
into the spores. The origin of the binucleate condition of 
the cells of the hymenium has not been definitely traced, but 
it is found in all parts of the fungus body, and it does not 
appear probable that it arises by cell fusion, or by the passage of 
the nucleus from one cell into another. It is an interesting 
1gtr Jan.1. 
