9 
ON THE EQUIVALENCE OF THE YOREDALE AND 
PENDLESIDE SERIES. 
COSMO JOHNS, M.I.Mecu.E., F.G.S. 
THE term ‘ Yoredale Series’ was first used by Phillips,* and 
defined to include the series of shales, sandstones and lime- 
stones which intervene between the top of the limestone massif, 
or Great Scar, and the Millstone Grit ; the type section being 
described from Upper Wensleydale. The Main, Upper Scar, 
or Cam Limestone, formed the summit of the series as thus 
defined, for Phillips considered the grits, sandstones and 
shales with a few included thin limestones which come in above 
the Cam Limestone, to be more closely related to the Mill- 
stone Grit above than the Yoredale rocks below. When the 
Geological Survey mapped the Yoredale country, it was found 
expedient to draw the dividing line at the base of the Ingle- 
borough Grit, and thus to include in the Yoredale Series all 
the beds that intervene between the base of that massive grit 
and the top of the Great Scar Limestone. It is as thus defined 
by the Geological Survey that the term is used in this paper. 
It has generally been accepted that the Ingleborough Grit is 
the Kinderscout Grit of the country to the south, and it is at 
the base of this grit that Dr. Kidston} has demonstrated that 
the plant-break, which divides the Upper from the Lower 
Carboniferous, occurs. 
This is in complete agreement with the stratigraphical 
evidence, for it can be shewn that the massive grit which can 
be traced from Wensleydale through Upper Wharfedale to 
Greenhow Hill, oversteps first the beds above the Cam Lime- 
stone, then the Cam and Underset Limestones, until it ulti- 
mately rests, with a few feet of shales intervening, on the 
Limestone massif of Greenhow Hill, thus cutting out the whole 
-of the Upper Yoredale Limestones. As Phillips was careful 
to point out the massif of Greenhow Hill, when traced north- 
ward, divided up into the middle, Simonstone and Hardra 
Limestones of the Yoredale Series of Wensleydale. Nowhere 
can the Upper Yoredale Limestones be demonstrated to be 
split off from the massif of the south; on the contrary, a dis- 
tinction between an Upper and a Lower Series of Yoredale 
Limestones can be made with an important series of flagstones 
and shales, which thicken considerably towards the north- 
west, dividing the two. Again, it is only towards the south- 
east that the Lower Yoredale Limestones can be seen to fuse 
* Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. Part II. The Mountain 
Limestone District. 
+ For references see Mem. Geol. Surv. Derby and Notts. Coalfield, 
1908, p. 9. : 
agi Jan. 1, 
