1098 Friend: Annelid Fauna of Cumberland. 
bottle-green cocoons ; while the heaps of road scrapings nearly 
always yielded the interesting form now known as Dendrobaena 
mammalis Savigny. I first found this worm near Langholm, 
in 1890. As it was new to Britain I paid a special return visit 
to the locality some time later, missed the worm and my train, 
and found myself on a Saturday evening cut off from the busy 
world, and unable to get another train till Monday. Now I 
can find the creature by almost any road-side if I simply turn 
up a suitable stone, or dig into a heap of scrapings. 
On Monday, February 6th, tg11, Dr. Aitken, of Carlisle, 
kindly took me in his motor to Monkhill, Great Orton, and other 
places in the vicinity, and enabled me to do a good morning’s 
work. In addition to the species already mentioned I was able 
to add Octolasion gracile CErley, to the Cumberland list. So 
far this species has only been found in two or three localities, 
and previous to Easter, 1910, was unknown in England. 
I found at Monkhill and elsewhere several enchytraeids and 
water-worms, about which I hope to give details later. In 
March I went to Penrith, specially to visit Newton and Broug- 
ham. The weather was intensely cold, but as this is the season 
of the year when a number of the smaller worms are adult it 
Was important to get the work done. The splendid condition 
of the roads, hedgerows, and fields in this district made it diffi- 
cult for me at first to find suitable hunting grounds. In time, 
however, I came.across stumps of trees, road scrapings, manure 
heaps, and other breeding places, and found that the usual 
earthworms were abundant. In addition to the three well- 
known forms of Lumbricus, viz.: L. terrestris, L. rubellus, and 
L. castaneus, | found some fine adults of L. festivus Savigny 
(= L. rubescens Friend), which is a new addition to our lists for 
this county. L. festivus is about the size of L. rubellus, but on 
the fifteenth segment there are prominent papillae, like those 
found on the common earthworm. I found the worm many 
years ago in Yorkshire and described it as new to science, under 
the name of rubescens, but it had doubtless already been des- 
cribed half-a-century earlier and lost to sight. 
Going one day to Brougham Castle, I found another worm 
new to the district. A fine specimen of Octolasion cyaneum 
Savigny (= Allolobophora studiosa Rosa), was leisurely pro- 
ceeding across the road in the mid-day sunshine when it fell 
into my trap. My work among the smaller annelids resulted 
in some valuable finds, but as it will need a special article to 
deal with this branch I will close the present paper with a list 
of those species of Lumbricide@ which are at present known to 
occur in Cumberland with such data as may be of interest. 
New records are denoted by an asterisk. 
1. Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus. First recorded in 1890 
from gardens in Carlisle. 
Naturalist 
