226 Sheppard: Extinct Animals of East Yorkshire. 
twenty years ago, by Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, with the aid 
of a grant from the British Association. The existence of 
the old cliff line had already been indicated by the action 
of the sea, but Mr. Lamplugh’s object was to ascertain 
the proper sequence of the beds. First of all, at almost 
the level of the present beach, was the old pre-glacial shore, 
with its Pholas-bored boulders, oyster shells, etc. Upon 
this rested the dunes of blown sand, upon which most of 
the bones were found ; and above this, again, was a great de- 
posit of Boulder Clay, left by the glacier, which covered and 
preserved everything. The bones were usually very frag- 
mentary, and generally bore the marks of the teeth of the 
hyaenas. Remains were found of the Mammoth (Elephas 
primigenius), the straight-tusked elephant (Elephas anti- 
quus), Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros leptorhinus), Hippototamus 
(Hippopotamus amphibius), the Horse (Equus caballus), 
the Irish Elk (Cervus megaceros), Bison, and Water Vole. 
In addition, remains were found of birds, a snake, and cod- 
fish, as well as a number of shells. Since Mr. Lamplugh’s 
investigations, portions of tusks, teeth, etc., have occasion- 
ally been washed out by the sea, but nothing appears to 
have been added to the list of species given. 
Same years later the late George Cook made some 
excavations at Hessle, near the Humber, for the purpose 
of obtaining.sand, and he excavated many thousands of 
tons of chalk, gravel and sand. 
The work extended over some years, and I paid fre- 
quent visits from first to last, and obtaines a fairly extensive 
collection of mammalian remains. A little later the North 
Eastern Railway Co. widened the railway at Hessle, close to 
the Humber Bank, but only one fossil bone (Horse) was 
obtained from this excavation. Many years previously, 
when the railway was first made, the late Professor Phillips 
obtained a number of bones of Horse, Elephant, etc., which 
he placed in the Museum at Hull, where my collection is 
also housed. These animal remains found at Hessle include 
those of the Mammoth, Rhinoceros, Horse, Red Deer and 
Reindeer. The bones also give evidence of the presence 
of the hyaena; but, as in the case at Sewerby, no actual 
remains of that animal were found. 
The first impression one might get at a glance at this 
list of animals is that it represents a tropical fauna; but this 
is not the case. The elephants in those days were clothed 
with long woolly hair, and the rhinoceros was similarly 
protected against the cold. The reindeer is certainly evidence 
of a northern climate. 
The next chapter in the geological history of the district 
relates to the Glacial period, when great sheets of ice from 
Naturalist, 
