290 Friend: Enchytraeids of the North of England. 
of the dorsal vessel, and the position of the commissures are the 
main points to be observed. 
In addition to the various reports which I have myself 
sent at different times to this and other journals, the principal 
contribution to the subject is from the pen of Mr. Southern, 
B.Sc., of Dublin. His ‘List of Oligochaeta of Lambay’ 
(Irish Naturalist, 1907, vol. XV1., 68-82, with two plates), and 
his ‘ Contributions towards a Monograph of the British and 
Irish Oligochaeta’ (Proc. Royal Irish Acad., 1909, Vol. 
XXVII., Section B, No. 8) are invaluable. Mr. Evans, 
F.R.S.E., of Edinburgh, has also done much for the Scottish 
species. It is not intended in this paper to attempt a system- 
atic enumeration or classification, but merely to contribute 
some results of recent study. And, as the genus Fridericia is 
by far the largest and most difficult, we may begin with it. 
When Beddard published his ‘ Monograph of the Order Oligo- 
chaeta’ in 1895, he gave the known species of Fridericia as 
twelve. ‘ Das Tierreich,’ by Michaelsen, published in October 
1900, placed it at twenty-one. In 1909 the number of known 
species had risen to 65, and it is still growing. Southern’s 
“List of British Species ’ contains nineteen different kinds, and 
allusions to others, which he regards as synonymous or doubtful. 
Only five, however, of these are recorded as genuinely English. 
Reference will be made to some of these as we proceed. 
1. Fridericia striata Levinsen. Apperley Bridge, January 
3rd, 1898. Reported by me to Zoologist for that year (p. 121). 
Found by me in Clifton Park. Cumberland, February 13th, 
1896. This year I have worked the district around Penrith 
and Carlisle, and confirmed the record. Typical specimens 
were found at Newton Moss; also in Derbyshire, at the foot 
of the Piston Hills, not far from Ticknall, June 1911. Near 
Repton, May 13th, 1911. Notes on the variations have been 
made for my forthcoming monograph. 
2. F. bulbosa Rosa. By the Eden, Carlisle, January 1808. 
Already found by me at Rugby, February 24th, 1896, and this 
year at Newton Moss, in March, Newark and Malvern in May ; 
Cauldwell, near Burton, in July. I have also taken it in 
Sussex, and it is known to occur in Italy, Germany and else- 
where. 
3. F. bisetosa Levinsen. I first found this species at the 
Wren’s Nest, Dudley, April 24th, 1897, fairly abundant in 
moist earth impregnated with liquid excreta; and among 
my further notes I find records for Sutton Park, Birmingham, 
Easter 1899, Newton Moss, Penrith, March rg11, and various 
Derbyshire localities during the present year. 
4. F. perriers Vejdovsky. My earliest record is ‘ Under 
moss near Embleton Station,’ 7.e., near Cockermouth, April 
1895, and although I have reason now for questioning the 
Naturalist, 
