292 Friend: Enchytraeids of the North of England. 
behind, and four in front from segment two to sixteen. Middle 
pair rather more than half the length of outer pair. The hinder 
setae very strong, and standing out like thorns when the body 
is extended. 
INTERNAL CHARACTERS.—Brain, with prominent convexity 
in front, but wanting the characteristic concave or convex 
posterior form, and varying greatly with tension, straight, 
rounded, or even hollowed by turns. Girdle transparent, 
destitute of the usual papillae, while the intestine of segments 
X.—XIII is wanting in the brown chloragogen cells. Two 
pairs of lateral setae present on segment XII (girdle), but 
none on the ventral surface. Ampullae of spermiducal gland 
about twice as long as broad. Three pairs of septai glands in 
segments 5—7. No copulatory glands near the girdle, but 
what may serve that purpose seems to exist on segment five 
(similar to that reported by me for F. perwviana Friend). 
Nerve much enlarged in first five segments. Nephridia seen 
with difficulty, owing to the large quantity of rounded, granular 
coelomic corpuscles. Nearly allied to F. bulbosa. 
The two main characteristics studied are the salivary 
glands (or peptonephridia, and the spermathecae.) The salivary 
glands are bushy immediately behind the gizzard, with a single 
long extension which reaches the end of segment V., and is 
recurved. The spermathecae have a large ampulla opening 
into the intestine. It is about half as long as the duct, and 
the organ has no glands at the opening between segment four 
and five. Between the duct and the ampulla are a number of 
sessile glands, not like the usual diverticula: In segment three 
the commissures are strong. I have usually found them most 
strongly developed in other species in the fourth segment ; but 
this point has been generally too much overlooked in diagnosis. 
Found in soil in a road gutter leading to a ditch at Cauldwell, 
Derbyshire, July 9th, 1911, and named humilis on account 
of its small size. FI’. hegemon Vejdovsky, and one or two others 
are found in England, but do not here concern us. 
I may now turn to the genus Enchytraeus, from which the 
family derives its name. Southern gives eight species as 
British, of which he records only three as English. I have not 
published the results of my own researches in the past in 
great detail for various reasons, and the following notes are 
not to be regarded as exhausting the English species, since the 
references are to northern localities only. 
17. Enchytraeus humicultor Vejdovsky. Between Whit- 
rigg and Kirkbride, Cumberland, April 1896. In specimens 
found at Swadlincote, Derbyshire, November 1910, the 
head and first segment were glandular. Dorsal pores were 
undoubtedly present in specimens received from Croydon, 
March 3rd, IoII. 
Naturalist, 
