328 Irving: Marine Biology at Scarborough. 
opposite Holbeck Gardens, where tide-pools erode and under- 
mine the sandstone, and deep-sea forms seek refuge. Zoophytes 
—Sertularia, Plumularia, Bicellaria, Tubularia, Obelia—are 
abundant here, sometimes in association with sponges, of which 
Scarborough records ten or more species. Here, too, may be 
found numerous echinoderms, crustaceans, nudibranchs, and 
dahlha anemones. 
Particular attention is directed to another desirable site (2) 
—a group of rocks and reefs opposite the cliff tramway, seldom 
available for inspection except during September spring tides— 
where the collector is sure to meet with living material in plenty 
and in variety. Colonies of Alcyonium digitatum are occasion- 
ally found here, also compound ascidians, in addition to polyzoa, 
sponges, nudibranchs, crustaceans, worms, and three or four 
species of anemones. 
The wall of the light-house pier (1) accessible by boat, 
lodges scarlet-fringed and plumose anemones. An outlying, 
laminarian clothed, reef (8) only get-at-able by boat, has 
never been investigated, at any rate in recent years, and should 
repay an hour’s visit. 
Pools and runnels between tide levels supply the usual 
assortment of molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, 
worms, etc., with here and there specimens of Ascidia mentula, 
or clusters of Fragarium elegans, or patches of Botryllus. Scyll- 
@a pelagica has been found on three separate occasions, at 
(5), on stones in shallow water, though it is stated to be rare 
between tides. Then (4) both in South Bay and Cornelian 
Bay represents good places for hunting crustacea. 
Claystone rocks predominate in North Bay. Near low 
water this light blue clay may be examined for Pholas candida, 
its only habitat, save that of a similar patch of soft claystone 
sandwiched among the outer reefs of Carnelian Bay. In other 
respects North Bay is well-stocked with most of the species that 
abound in South Bay. 
Carnelian Bay is quite as prolific in marine fauna as South 
Bay, but the rocks—sandstone, limestone, and shale—are 
rough and somewhat difficult to negotiate. Work amongst the 
outer reefs must be rapidly done without any miscalculation 
in regard to a returning tide. Large sea-urchins, Echinus 
sphera, and fifteen-rayed sun stars, Solaster papposa, abound 
between points marked (6) and (7), while at (7) living specimens 
of Trochus zizyphinus can be secured, and apparently nowhere 
else in any of the bays. 
Different sea-weeds will naturally provide certain organisms 
that feed on them, or harbour in them, and Scarborough bays 
are not lacking in red, brown, and green sea-weeds. 
2 Or: 
In La Feuille des jeunes Naturalistes (No. 490), M. L. Vignal has 
“ Quelques observations sur les Limnea stagnalis Linne,’ with illustrations. 
Naturalist, 
