388 Crossland: Fungus Foray at Sandsend. 
tuber was infected with ‘ black-scab’ (Synchitrium solani). It 
was suggested to the owner that a dressing of lime would be 
beneficial to the plot, tending to sweeten the soil by destroying 
the disease-germs. Cercospora apii, an injurious parasite on 
celery, was also present in the same garden. In another garden 
everything looked at its best, fresh and bright ; a little nettle- 
bed was confined to one corner, and it was on the ground 
among the nettles where the beautiful little Collybia mentioned 
above was found. 
The venerable Mulgrave woodlands contain numerous 
remarkably fine healthy specimens of oak, beech, sycamore, 
ash, chestnut, wych-elm, etc., and are very extensive. It isa 
very great pleasure to be allowed to wander through them. 
The beeches are perfectly free from Avymuliaria mucida, a beech- 
tree parasite, as the larches are from Dasyscypha calycina. 
On Saturday evening, Mr. R. H. Philip read a most interest- 
ing paper, entitled ‘Notes on the Uredines.’ (See pp. 382 ef seq.). 
Mr. J. W. H. Johnson dealt with fungi and bacteria found 
in polluted waters. 
On the Monday evening, Mr. Massee delivered a public 
lecture in the large schoolroom at Mulgrave Castle, on Plant 
Diseases, illustrated by the lantern. This was arranged for 
the special benefit of local farmers, foresters, and cottage- 
gardeners, In the unavoidable absence of Lord Normanby, 
the Rev. W. G. Harland, Vicar of Lythe, presided. 
The plant diseases dealt with were :—potato winter-rot and 
scab ; smut on wheat, oats, etc. ; wheat rust; “finger and toe,’ 
or ‘club root,’ (which attacks turnips, cabbages, and other cruci- 
fers) ; Armillaria mellea, and other tree-destroying toadstools ; 
apple scab and apple-tree canker ; and larch canker. The apph- 
cation of fungicides ; dispersion of spores, etc., were described. 
The larch canker, the most serious disease among forest trees, 
is caused by an orange-coloured peziza, known as Dasyscypha 
calycina. It was pointed out that the introduction of the 
disease into the larch depended almost entirely on the presence 
of the larch aphis, and the preventive means to be used against 
the insect were given. All the larches seen here are in a very 
healthy state. Several diseases caused by insects were dealt 
with. The annual financial loss caused by the attacks on 
economic plants and trees by fungi and insects is almost in- 
credible. It was admitted that ‘ the cultivator of plants cannot 
directly prevent the diffusion of spores by wind or other agents ; 
but what he can do—and what it pays him to do—is, by 
systematic cleanliness and promptitude, to prevent, to a great 
extent, the germination of spores in the plants over which he 
exercises control.’ 
Amongst the recommendations and warnings, earnestly put 
forth by the lecturer, were the following :—Burn all diseased 
Naturalist, 
