180' ON THE LA^^GUAGES AND LITERATURE 



classes that have been enumerated : such as the Hi- 

 kaiat Rajah-bangsii, whicli I have not seen, but 

 which has been described to nie as a genealogical his- 

 tory of the Malay Rajahs. The Hi kaiat MalakOy 

 which relates the founding of that city by a Javanese 

 adventurer, the airival of the Portuguese and the 

 combats of the Malays^ with Albuquerque and the 

 other Portuguese commanders. The Hikaiat Pitra- 

 jaya-Putti, or history of an ancient Rajah of il/<7/^cc«, 

 the Hikaiat Ac hi, or histor}^ o^ Achi or Achin in Su- 

 matra and the Hikaiat Hang-Tuha, or the adventures 

 of a Malay chief during the reign of the last Rajah 

 oi Malacca^ and the account of a Malay embassy sent 

 to Mekka and Consta)2tinople, to request assistance 

 against the Portuguese Such historical narratives 

 are extremely numerous; indeed there is reason to 

 believe that there is one of every state or tribe; and 

 though occasionally embellished by fiction, it is only 

 from them that we can obtain any outline of thet 

 Malay history, and of the progress of the nation. 

 The juiidical customs or traditions of the Malays 

 have likewise been collected into codes of different 

 antiquity and authority. Among those of the great- 

 est authority are the Undang Undang, and the Addat 

 Malayu. The most ancient of these regulations, 

 however, appear to have been adopted from the Ja- 

 *canese and Bugis. Particular states have at different^ 

 periods composed peculiar regulations; as the Addat 

 Kiddeh, which were compiled by Rajah SnArf' Alubi, 

 in An. Hee. 1151. 



'O 



No dramatic compositions, in the Malayu language, 

 have fallcu, as yet, into my hands, though many 

 of them are said to exist. Scenic exhibitions 

 termed " JVayatig-wayang, were till lately, veiy com- 



