210 ON THE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE 



language, few languages are more Instructive than the 

 Tiigdla. The artifices which it chiefly employs, are 

 the prefixing or postfixing to simple vocables, cer- 

 tain particles, which are again combined, and coalesce 

 with others; and the complete or partial repetition 

 qf .terms, in this reduplication, may again be com- 

 bined with other particles. , 



The Tagula forms the plurals of nouns by the word 

 .manga, as the Malays by hatiyak, both of which sig- 

 nify 7nany, and seem to be the very same word, as 

 the m and b are often pronounced in such an indis- 

 tinct manner, in the Indo-Chinese languages, that 

 they seem neither to correspond exactly to our m nor 

 our b, but to an intermediate sound. To proper 

 names, the Tagala prefixes the particle si, and ang 

 to appellative nouns. The first of these corresponds 

 to the Malayu sa, and the latter to yang, both of 

 which are frequently used in Malayu in the same 

 manner; but the Tagala combines both these with 

 the particles 7iya and ka, the first of which signifies 

 of it, and the latter to ; and thus they ^ovra sina, kana, 

 7Wia, 7iang,vj\\\ch (except the last, which is only a diffe- 

 rent mode of writing the Malayu nyang, of these, who,) 

 scarcely occur in Malayu. The plural of nouns, in 

 Malayu, is sometimes formed by the repetition, ot 

 the singular, and sometimes this repetition is not com* 

 plete, but consists only of the first syllable or 

 syllables. This also occurs in the Tagala, in which 

 language banal, the Malayu banar, s'x^m^ts just, true, 

 and ta-vo signifies a man, corresponding with the 

 JBugis tail. A just man, in Tagala, is therefore, ang 

 banal na tavo, or by the addition of another particle, 

 and altering the position of the words, atig tauong 

 banal. Now if we substitute the Malayu word orang, 

 for the Bug'is and Tagala term tau or tavo, we may 

 render both these sentences thus ; yang orang yang 



