OF THE INDO-CHINESE NATIONS. 211 



benar, and yang henarnya orang. In thie plural, to 

 signify, j2«^ wze/?^ the Tdgdla ^\\t%^ aiig manga t'auong 

 babanal^ to which the corresponding • Malayu phrase 

 is, y<ing banydk orang yang babenar ; or again in 

 Tagdla, ang hahanalncL manga tavo, to which the cor- 

 responding Malayu iSy yang babenar7iy a banyak orang. 



The simple pronouns, which vary so much in all 

 the dialects of the eastern seas, are nearly the same 

 m Tagdla ^^nd Malayu, though it is not very easy to 

 recognize them in the former language when comr 

 bined with particles., Thus in the first person ako, ko-^ 

 kita, kami >&ve pure Malayu; and in the second person, 

 mu correspiqnds equally with mOj while ikao and iyo 

 {seem to, be only trivial variations of the M(^hytc 

 ungkau 2iwd ayo. In the third person s'lya is only a 

 yzxxQty, ,0^ sa yea like siappa for sia-appa,, zvbo, in J/<2- 

 layu iyvhile 7iiy a, of him, kis,'is pure Malayu^ as are itUf 

 that, and. nin of this, while y an, this, and yuin, that, 

 correspond to ini and aim. It is however chiefly in 

 t\\e verb that the peculiar character of the Tagdla lan- 

 giiage displays itself. The substantive verb is gene- 

 lally ;qmitted altogether, and its meaning is denoted 

 by implication, or the position of the words in a sen- 

 tence. Sometimes, however, it is expressed, by the 

 article ay, the contraction of the Malayu adda, as Sine 

 ang masipag ? TVho is diligent ? or rather, Who is he 

 who is diligent? Ang masipag ay « Jagula, it is 

 Jagula that is diligent, or literally, he who isdiligei^t 

 is one Jagula. ?^ 



. , , The Tagdla verbs being only names of actions or 

 states of existence, they cannot properly be said to be 

 either active or passive, neither have they any per-^ 

 sons, nunibers or moods : all these being expressed 

 by particles prefixed or postfixed to the radical word. 



P2 



