313 ON THE LANGUAGES AND IITERATUIVE 



The principal particles employed in modifying the 

 TAgala verbs are also common to the Malayu language. 

 The Tagala particles arc m, mg, mag, pag, ungm, y, 

 an, in: those which correspond to them m Malayu ?iT^ 

 tia, nyang, mengstx mi, peng, yangmcng, yang, an, akin. 

 Their significations are' radically the same, nor do they 

 differ essentially in their simple application ; but in 

 tlie variety of modes according to which these parti- 

 cles may be combined with the verb, in its siWple 

 form, in its reduplicate form, in its semi-reduplieat« 

 form, and the variety of transpositions of letters and 

 the changes of one letter for another, euphomie gratia', 

 which all these combinations give occasion to; in all 

 these, the Tagala is infinitely superior to the Malayu, 

 if there is any merit in a superiority which consists in 

 greater intricacy. The changes which OcCur m Ma- 

 tayu are few and ofe^vious, in Tagala they are digested 

 into an extensive and complex system, in which per- 

 fect familiarity with every foim that the word caa 

 assume, not only by the addition of particles, but by 

 the interchange of letters, is necessary toenablte a pdt^ 

 son to detect the radical, which is often more' d'isgaised 

 than in the most complex y^ri?^?c derivatives. Thus in 

 Tagala the root, tolog signifies, to sleepj natalog ako{^\ 

 slept, natotolog akv, I am sleeping, matalog, sleep, 

 matotolog ako, I will sleep, katolog, pagkatolog and 

 pagkakatolog, sleeping, natotologpa ako, I slept or was 

 sleeping, ang natotolog the steeper, atig 7natotohg, the 

 person who is to sleep, nakatolog ako, I had slept : 

 natologan, the having been asleep, natotologan, the 

 being asleep, katologan and katotologan, the being 

 asteep) or act of sleeping, or the sleeping place: and 

 for the plural nangatologan, nangatotologan, pangfLta- 

 logan, pa?igatotologan, &c. the particles wo, ma and pa, 

 becoming nanga, manga and panga, in the plural'. — 

 This is an instance in which the changes pf the ratdical 



