OF THE INDO-CHINESE NATIONS. 2^7 



I have found that considerable variety occurred in 

 the enumeration of their names, and suspect that 

 they are considerably more numerous, in reahty. 

 The following is one of the lists I received of these 

 ten languages ; but I have since been informed that 

 it relaies only to those which are spoken in the 

 southern and western provinces. 



1. Kong, 6. Liii, 



2. WAy, 7. Lhnm, 



3. Nam, 8. Khunn, 



4. CMw, 9. Siw, 



5. S6w, 10. Kunng. 



Of these, as has been stated, the first is represented 

 as the language of Canton, and the eighth as the 

 Mandarin language, or that which prevails in Pekin. 

 To this list may be added the following : 



11. Hyong-san, 14. Pun-ngi, 



12. Sun-tukk, 13. Tong-khun, 



13. Nam-hoi, 16. Fo-khin. 



The last of these is denominated Chin-chew by the 

 Chinese of Macao; but the language spoken in 

 Macao itself, is the Hyong-San. This enumeration, 

 however, is extremely imperfect ; nor have I been 

 able to determine which of them are to be accounted 

 original languages, and which dialects. Neither, 

 without particular investigation, is it possible to 

 ascertain, whether the Anam language ma\' not be 

 included in this enumeration, though I am rather 

 inclined to the contrary opinion. 



The Anam language has neither genders, numbers, 

 nor cases ; moods, tenses, nor conjugations ; all these 

 are supplied by the use of particles and the juxta- 

 position of words, as in the other monosyllabic lan- 

 guages. The same word has often the signification 



