1909] Hitter: Halocynthia johnsoni n. sp. 95 



these questions have furnished much of the motive in biology 

 for a generation. 



On the other hand, the questions of rule, or scheme, in de- 

 velopment and final arrangement of parts, as considered in sec- 

 tion 5, and of the extent and character of adaptations, consid- 

 ered in section <>. seem to be open doors for gaining much infor- 

 mation about these animals. But such questions have been very 

 little the motive of recent biology. 



It looks as though biological motive has been strong in direc- 

 tions where it could not get much positive knowledge and weak 

 in directions where it might. 



To want what is unattainable, and not to care much for what 

 is close at hand, is said to be a trait of human nature, and pos- 

 sibly the traits of human nature have reached to some extenl 

 even to biological science. 



7. Summary of Results. 



The procedure in this inquiry has followed strictly the ana- 

 lytical order. That is, the phenomena given by observation, the 

 data, have been held strictly as the starting point in every sec- 

 tion. These data have been the individual animals of a par- 

 ticular lot. treated together from the outset because of their un- 

 mistakable resemblance to one another and their having been 

 found living together in a particular region, viz., on the sen- 

 coast of southern California. 



A summary of the results may now be advantageously pre- 

 sented in the reverse or synthetic order. 



1. An approximately exhaustive study of one of these ani- 

 mals finds it to contain a manifolding of similar parts to an 

 extent that is surprising in view of the slight prevalence of 

 such parts recognized by cursory observation. 



2. Comparison of many individuals of various sizes and ages 

 with reference to the details of structure reveals the fact that 

 to a large extent, the measure of which is not known, these mani- 

 folded parts have arisen (a ) as lineally genetic series (the branch- 

 ial stigmata), from a few initial ancestral organs; while others 

 have arisen (6) as repeated productions from common original 



