238 University of California Publications in Zoology. [Vol. 6 



Zoaria composed of numerous, delicate, branching, spiny 

 tufts curving at the tips and growing 15 to 20mm. in height; 

 found at low tide, on seaweed, at the roots of other bryozoa, and 

 on the underside of rocky ledges attached by numerous jointed 

 rootlets (pi. 1!'. fig. 9). Internodes consisting typically of a 

 single zocecium ( fig. Id, zoe.) each zocecium giving rise to a branch 

 on each side. Branches, consisting either of a zooecium, or of 

 a long jointed spine (sp.), arising in a basis rami (ba. >:). An 

 internode, i.e., a single zooecium, sometimes giving rise to two lat- 

 eral zooecia, sometimes to a zocecium and a spine, or again, to two 

 lateral spines. Distal ends of branches frequently possessing 

 internodes of two, three, four, or five zooecia arranged alternately. 

 Zooecia (zoe.) consisting of long, slender, curved tubes whose 

 distal ends are smooth, hyaline, marked by delicate rings. 

 Ooscia (oe.) pearshaped in general outline, curving inward on 

 the ventral surface, i.e., concave on the ventral side as are the 

 zooecia. The oozcial internode consisting of at least three mem- 

 bers, of which the first is an ordinary zocecium, z l ; the second 

 being the oceeium (oe.) arising in an ooecial tube on the side of 

 z 1 ; the third. z 3 , arising from the oceeium and adnate to it for 

 half its length, the distal free portion giving rise to one or two 

 lateral branches which carry the zoarial tuft upward. Ooecio- 

 stome tot si.) large, situated on the dorsal surface of the oceeium 

 below the summit, possessing a short, straight, or slightly bent 

 tube. Ooeciopore, circular, opening upward and directed either 

 backward or upward, 



C. edioardsiana is fairly abundant on the coast of California. 

 Fig. 10 represents its method of internodal growth as it occurs 

 on the shores of San Francisco Bay and northward. Here the 

 internodes are almost constantly uniserial. On the southern 

 coast internodes more frequently consist of several zocecia as 

 figured by d'Orbigny ( '39) and Busk (75). The ovicell of this 

 southern form is less inflated than is that represented in the 

 figure and the tube of the oceciostome is often bent almost at 

 right aneles so that the ooeciopore opens directly upward. On 

 examination, the same colony is often found to contain the two 

 sorts of internodes, the uniserial type abounding in the older 

 portions, the multiserial in the younger portions. 



