UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 



IN 



ZOOLOGY 



Vol. 15, Introduction, pp. i-xxiii June 19, 1916 



DEPENDENCE OF MARINE BIOLOGY UPON 



HYDROGRAPHY AND NECESSITY OF 



QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGICAL 



RESEARCH 



BY 



ELLIS L. MICHAEL 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 



1. IntroiluctioD i 



2. Marine Biology vs. General Biology iii 



3. Field Observation vs. Laboratory Experiment xi 



4. Complexity of Hydrobiological Relations xvi 



5. Quantitative Methods employed at the Scripps Institution xix 



6. Summary and Conclusion xxii 



7. Literature Cited xxiii 



1. Introduction 

 During the past fifteen years the Scripps Institution, and its fore- 

 runner the San Diego Marine Biological Association, have been making 

 a biological and hydrographical survey of the waters adjacent to the 

 coast of Southern California. Intensive rather than extensive research 

 in marine biology is the leading idea of this survey, and, although this 

 involves the acquisition of detailed information concerning particular 

 marine organisms, knowledge of the biology of the sea is the ever- 

 present ideal. How is this ideal to be approached? Certainly not by 

 isolated investigations prosecuted under the Institution's auspices by 

 biologists sojourning in Southern California, nor by investigations 

 made for the purpose of advancing any general biological theory. 

 Continuous and co-ordinative research of several highly trained special- 

 ists is the first essential. Under certain conditions the Institution is 



