Index 



Marine Biology, Dependence of upon 

 Hydrography and Necessity of 

 Quantitative Biological Re- 

 search, i. 

 Meters to fathoms, tables for couvert- 



ing, 204. 

 Methods employed at Scripps Insti- 

 tution, for recording of data, 17; 

 quantitative, biologic : frequency 

 method, abundance method, xix- 

 xxi ; collecting, 8 ; measurement, 

 of temperature, 13, of salinity, 

 27-32; of detecting and rejecting 

 doubtful records, 215 ; of deter- 

 mining isohalines and isotherms, 

 259. 

 Michael, E. L., i, 1, 207; acknowledg- 

 ment, 4. 

 Mohr, titrimetric method of determin- 

 ing salinity, 32. 

 Morphology, problems of, as branch 

 of marine biology, iii, v, vii, viii. 

 Nansen, F., estimate of error in spe- 

 cific gravity, 38, 39; cited on 

 assumption of constant propor- 

 tion of salts in sea-water, 42. 

 Nansen closing net, 10 ; errors arising 



in use of, 23. 

 Naples Zoological Station, aims and 



work, V, vi, vii. 

 Nautical mile, definition of, 206. 

 Nets, Kofoid, 11, 22, 201; Nansen, 

 10, 23, 201. See also Serial clos- 

 ing apparatus. 

 Observation vs. experiment, xi-xvi. 

 Observations. See Field observations; 

 Hydrographic observation ; Hy- 

 drographic records. 

 Ocean bottom, abbreviations used in 

 describing character of, 204 ; 

 topography of region adjoining 

 La Jolla, 257, contour maps of, 

 opp. 282, 284, 286; map of region 

 west of Coronado Islands, opp. 288. 

 Ocean water. See Sea-water. 

 Oceanic circulation, general principles, 

 258; eonvective, 258; effect of 

 upwelling of deep water, 265 ; Ek- 

 man 's hydrodynamic theory, 277 ; 

 vertical, 278. See also Isohalines ; 

 Isotherms; Salinities; Tempera- 

 tures. 

 Ostwald, viscosity theory of vertical 

 migration, used as illustration of 

 pseudo-scientific speculation, xiv. 

 Pacific Grove, seaside laboratory, 5. 

 Pacific Ocean, investigation of life in, 5. 

 Physiology, problems of, as branch 



of marine biology, iv, v, viii. 

 Puget Sound, 7. 

 Pelorus, used to determine location, 



19, 20. 

 Port Erin Marine Biological Station, 



viii, xix, XX. 

 Pump, subsurface, 11. 



[ 



Pycuometer method of determining 

 salinity, 28-30 ; calibration form- 

 ula, 29, error in, 29 ; quantitative 

 biological methods of determina- 

 tion employed at Scripps Insti- 

 tution, xix-xxi, 28-32 ; abun- 

 dance method, xx; frequency 

 method, xx. 

 Raymond, W. J., acknowledgment, 4. 

 Rielitcr thermometer, description, 15. 

 Hitter, W. E., 1, 207. 

 Ross, J., acknowledgment, 209. 

 St. Joseph, The, 7. 

 Salinity, errors in, due to preservation 

 of water samples, 25 ; defi)iition, 

 26 ; technical meaning of term, 

 27-28 ; relation to specific gravity, 

 28, tables of, 28; reliability of 

 assumption of constant propor- 

 tion of salts in sea-water, 41 ; cor- 

 respondence of significant differ- 

 ences to time and space, 269-270; 

 mean annual values, 270 ; relation 

 to depth, plate showing, opp. 350, 

 354; serial curves, figures show- 

 ing, opp. 338, 340, 342, 344. 

 Data of, relative to ocean, 49-111, 



220-240. 

 Distribution, near Coronado Islands, 

 263; effect of upwelling, 262, of 

 distance from coast, 265 ; with re- 

 spect to depth, 272; plates show- 

 ing, opp. 328. 

 Measurement, direct, 27 ; methods, 

 28, 30, 32; Knudsen and Soren- 

 son method, 27; methods used 

 by Scripps Institution, 28. 

 Surface, 267 ; subsurface minimum, 

 273 ; figures showing variation, 

 opp. 330, 332, 346. 

 Variations, periodic, 267-271 ; 

 ranges of surface salinity, 267 ; 

 seasonal variation, 268; diurnal 

 variation, 271. 

 See also Hydrographic records; 

 Hydrometer ; Oceanic circulation ; 

 Pycnometer ; San Diego Bay ; 

 Sinker Method ; Titrimetric 

 method ; Upwelling. 

 San Diego, 6 ; Marine Biological Asso- 

 ciation, 256. 

 San Diego Bay, temperature and salin- 

 ity, 269. 

 San Pedro, seaside laboratory, 6. 

 San Pedro Bay, 5. 



Santa Catalina Island, 6; seaside lab- 

 oratory, 5. 

 Schott, G., estimate of error in spe- 

 cific gravity, 38. 

 Scripps, E. W., gifts, 6. 

 Scripps Institution for Biological Re- 

 search, Hydrographic, Plankton, 

 and Dredging Records of, 1. 207; 

 Summary and Interpretation of, 

 255. 

 359] 



