100 
the four. This innermost springs’ from the edge of the plate and ex- 
tends almost horizontally across the groove ; the remainder PET 
vertically’ and. are. divergent. 
Outside the adambulacrals is a continuous series. of: small inter- 
mediate ossicles, each with a spine somewhat smaller than the adam- 
bulacrals : these intermediates are present for’ only about half-way 
along the arm. Outside these is a row of rather closely set, vertically 
elongated ossicles (figs. 3, 4,.c), separated from one: another by a 
papular space. These ossicles are connected at their upper ends by 
a series of horizontal, slightly keeled ossicles (0), which gives rise to a 
continuous slight ridge along the ventral margin of the arm, as seen 
from below. These vertical ossicles bear groups of spines, each group 
consisting of 2, 3, or 4 spines, shorter than the adambulacrals, dis- 
posed vertically above one another. Above these ossicles again 
there is another row of vertical ones, succeeded by a second ridge 
formed of horizontally arranged ossicles (a), which form the lower 
margin of the curved edge of the arms, as seen from above. (Cf. 
transverse section of arm, fig. 4.) This ridge bears pairs of spines 
of the same size as those of the lower ridge. Above the second ridge 
the irregular network of the abactinal surface commences—somewhat 
denser at the sides, looser above, with rare, isolated spines. 
Locality.—Oft Otago Heads, 18-38 fathoms. 
Remarks.—This species is very different from E. purpureus, of which 
there is a specimen in this Museum. It is not unlike 2. eridanella 
M. and T., from the Admiralty Islands and Thursday Island; but 
this seems to have constantly six. arms and two madreporites, ac- 
cording to Perrier (Ann. Sci.- Nat. Zool..(5), xii, p.. 250). 
Asterias calamaria Gray. 
Farquhar, loc. cit., 1898. 
Stations 16, 20. 
This, one of our commonest long-armed, many-rayed littoral 
starfishes, was obtained only at two stations off the east coast of 
Otago. Sladen (1889, p. 563), placed this and the following species 
in his sub-genus Stolasterias, characterized by the definitely arranged 
spinelets, large and isolated, surrounded by dense wreaths of pedi- 
cellarize. But in 1867, Verrill [37] had described the species under 
the name of Coscinasterias muricata, which he did not then recognise 
as being Gray’s A. calamaria. Verrill’s generic or subgeneric name 
ought, then, to have precedence of Sladen’s so far as this species is 
concerned (see Fisher. 1906, A.M.N. Hist. (7), xvii, p. 574). But I 
have preferred to leave both the species under the generic title of 
Asterias. Various other subgeneric names have been proposed by 
Perrier ; but even Hamann [21] omits them in his lists. 
Mr. F: arquhar [14 and 16] has given a valuable and interesting 
account of certain bionomic facts relating to this species. 
