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Family SQUALID. 
SquaLus, Linneeus, 1758. 
Squalus fernandinus Molina. 
Spiny Doerisu. 
Plate XVI, fig. 1. 
Squalis fernandinus Molina, Hist. Chil., 1788, p. 393. 
coats lebruni Vaill. Miss. Sci. Cap. Horn., Poiss., 1891, p. 13, pl. i, 
(N as acanthias Linn.) 
Stations 9, 11, 21, 32, 33, 36, 38, 43, 45-47, 50-53, 57, 59, 63, 88, 
Sess 
Length of head 5:8, tail 4:7, in the total length ; width of head, 
1-4; interorbital space, 2°3; snout, 1°9; width of mouth 2:2 in the 
length of the head. The pectoral fin is twice, and the eye one-half, the 
interorbital space. 
Head depressed, snout long, the tip raised above the base line. 
Hye large, twice as long as deep, lateral, without nictitating membrane. 
Mouth scarcely bowed, a small labial fold at the corner of both upper 
and lower jaws, and an oblique groove on each side; teeth similar 
in both jaws, very oblique. Nostrils large, sub-inferior, midway between 
the mouth and the tip of the snout. 
Spiracles large, lunate, on the upper surface of the head, behind 
but above the corner of the eye. Giull-openings subequal, in front 
of the pectoral; its anterior edge forms the hinder margin of the 
fifth gill-slit. 
Body elongate, compressed. Shagreen rather coarse. 
Fins.—The spine of the first dorsal fin is a little nearer to the tip 
of the snout than to the spine of the second fin. It is one-half the 
height of the fin, and much shorter than the second spime, which is 
nearly as high as its respective fin; the latter is much smaller than 
the anterior one. Anal fin absent. The pectorals are large, but shorter 
than the head; their origin is further from the snout than from the 
hinder insertion of the first dorsal. The origin of the ventrals is 
nearer to the end of the tail than to the tip of the snout. Caudal 
large with a single notch and a small pit above; peduncle broader 
than deep, with a low keel below the lateral line, which latter is well 
marked from head to tail. 
Colour.—Purplish grey above, white beneath. When young the 
coloured portions are strikingly adorned with large white spots ; these 
spots often persist in adult life, and the specimen above described 
and figured exhibits them conspicuously. These spots vary a little 
