BIliDS. 



157 



I give below nieasurerueuts of two seiies, one of iioithern birds taken in the vicinity of Saint 

 Michaels and along the course of the Yukon, and the other from siDccinieus taken at various iJoints 

 in the United States, by a comparison of which may be seen the amount and character of the varia- 

 tion exhibited by birds from the two regions : 



PICTJS PUBESCENS. 



United States specimens. 



Fort Leavenworth, Kans., 



Shfirborn, Mass., $ 



Wbitfleld, Ga., $ ......... 



Carlisle, Pa., cT 



District of Columbia, c^ . . 



Maasachiiaetts, cT 



Illinois, c^ 



?.... 



Wing. 



Tail. 



3.80 

 3.80 

 3.60 

 3.65 

 3.75 

 3.70 

 3.65 



2.70 

 2.75 

 2.60 

 2.35 

 2.53 

 2.42 

 2.55 



Tarsus. 



Bill. 



.56 

 .55 

 .59 

 .55 

 .60 

 .58 

 .57 



Depth 

 of bill. 



.21 

 .20 

 .21 

 .21 

 .22 

 .22 

 .21 



PicoiDES AKCTicus (Swains.). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. 



Very little appears to be known concerning the movements and habitat of this bird, especially 

 in the north. I secured but a single specimen, which was brought me by Mr. McQuestea from Fort 

 Eeliance, on the Upper Yukon, and its rarity as compared with the other Three-toed Woodpecker 

 appears from the fact that dozens of the latter were brought me each winter. No one among the 

 various naturalists who have visited this region before has secured it, and flrc^/cws is totally 

 unknown west of the point where my specimen was ibund. The wooded and mountainous southern 

 portion of the Territory is a still unknown region, and it is likely that the bird will be found to be 

 more or less common there. The next record appears to be the one. given by Mr. Lord, who 

 secured one on the summit of the Cascade Mountains in British Columbia, and upon this rests the 

 only other northwestern record of this bird. It penetrates the United States at various places, 

 and is not very uncommon in Northern New England and New York, as well as near the northern 

 border at various other suitable places, reaching the Eocky Mountains and the Cascade Eange of 

 the Sierras, and it extends farthest to the south on the eastern and western extremes of its range. 



The National Museum possesses specimens from the vicinity of Great Slave Lake, beyond 

 which there appears to be no record. My bird, which was secured on the 17th of October, 1878, 

 dees not difler from others of the same species taken at various localities in the Eastern United 

 States. 



PicoiDES AMERICANUS ALASCENSis (Nels.). Alaskan Three-toed Woodpecker.* 



A careful comparison of the large series of PicoUles contained in the National ]\Iuseum 

 from the Eocky Mountains and a series of nearly a dozen flue specimens from Northern New York, 

 kindly loaned me by Drs. C. H. Merriam and A. K. Fisher, with a large number of British 

 American and Alaskan skins, shows conclusively that three well-marked geographical races of this 

 bird exist in North America. From the Lake Superior region eastward, and along the Atlantic 

 coast north, embracing the region about Hudson's Bay and joining the habitat of the other forms 

 about Fort Simpson, on the headwaters of the Mackenzie Eiver, is the range of typical amcricanvs, 

 which intergrades with the other races along the Junction of their habitats. Along the Eocky 

 Mountains from Fort Simpson, on the headwaters of the Mackenzie, and westward to the Sitkau 

 and Kadiak regions of Southeastern Alaska as its northern border and thence along the Eocky 



• Described in the Ank, April, 1884, pp. 1C5, 166. 



