TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 815 



5. Through Arctic Lapland. By C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, M.A. 



Finner whale fishing in Arctic Seas— Vardo— Across the Varanger fjord 'I'he 



start of an eighty-five mile tramp — Boris Gleb — Skolte Laps — Up the Neiden 



Arctic Finns — Enare See — Fisher Laps — Enare Town — Farmer Laps By canoe 



and swamp— Life on a Lapland Farm— The Arctic mosquito — Herder Laps 



Beiudeev culture— Norwegian Laps— Rovaniemi— Down to Torneo-Haparanda— 

 The Gulf of Bothnia. 



6. Report on Physical and Chemical Constants of Sea Water. 

 See Reports, p. 42 L 



TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER IL 

 The following Papers were read : — 



1. Some Consequences that may be anticipated from the Development of the 

 Resources of Chi^ia by 3fodern Methods. By Geo. G. Chisholji 

 M.A., B.Sc. 



Various causes are pointed out as already in operation tending to bring about 

 that development in spite of the opposition of some sections of the people. " These 

 are of such a nature as to make it unlikely that this development, however brouo-ht 

 about, will be long retarded. 



When it does come about this development isbouna to have world-wide effects 

 on a scale of extraordinary magnitude, and in one direction it seems probable that 

 it will tend to reverse the tendency of the last generation in the economic history 

 of the world. 



The peculiarity of the position of China is this, that it is the one reo-ion in the 

 world with all the means for industrial development on a gigantic scale that 

 remains to be opened up. In the past thirty or forty years we have chiefly seen 

 the opening up of new countries or old countries without great resources for 

 industrial development. 



Among the consequences that may be anticipated from this opening up are 

 these : — 



1. A rise in prices in China, especially in the industrial regions. 



2. The creation of a demand for food-stuffs not likely to be supplied bv China 

 itself; a demand which in itself will be one of the most powerful causes" contri- 

 buting to maintain the rise in prices. 



3. The imparting of a great stimulus to the fond-producing regions most 

 favourably situated for meeting this demand, more particularly Manchuria, Siberia 

 and western North America, probably the Pacific States of North America to a 

 greater extent than Canada. 



4. Perhaps the most important of all, the creation of a tendency to a "radual 

 but prolonged rise in wheat and other grain prices all the world Over, reversin"- 

 the process that has been going on since about 1870 in consequence of the successive 

 Opening up of new countries. 



2. The Commercial Resources of Tropical Africa. 

 By Edavard Heawood, M.A. 



At least 70 per cent, of the total trade of Africa falls to the countries of the 

 extreme north and south, leaving the whole of Tropical Africa, with an area of 

 some 9 millions of square miles, a total trade of at most 30,000.000^., of which 

 nearly 7,000,000/. belongs to the small islands of Mauritius and Reunion. The 

 object of the present paper is to examine the cauaes of this small commercial 



