TRAXSACTIO^rS OF SECTION HI 901 



their trances being supposed to enter their body by this channel. There are cases 

 in Japan in which the devotee has gone a step further, and has constituted the 

 object, which was originally an offering, a distinct and independent deity. 



The Ainus of Yezo use in their worship whittled sticks called inao, which have a 

 general resemblance to an old form of the gohei, and are no doubt a cheaper substi- 

 tute for them. The inao, like the gohei, are primarily offerings, but in certain 

 cases they receive direct worship as gods, having become in short genuine fetishes. 

 Another link between the inao and the gohei is provided by certain whittled 

 sticks closely resembling inao which were in use in Northern Japan a century ago 

 for striking women with in order to ensure fertility, as in the Roman Lupercalia. 

 Similar sticks after consecration by the Shuite priests were formerly used at Kioto 

 to kindle the household fire afresh on the new year, and so avert possible pestilence. 



3. The Textile Patterns of the Sea-Dayaks. By Dr. A. C. Haddon, i^.iZ./S'. 



The Sea-Day ak women weave short cotton rep petticoats and cotton sleeping 

 wraps which are covered with beautiful and often intricate patterns. The patterns 

 are made in the following manner : the warp is stretched on a frame, the woman 

 takes the first fifteen to thirty strands and ties them tightly with strips of leaves 

 at irregular intervals, according to the design, which she carries in her memory. 

 The next fifteen to thirty strands are similarly tied, and this process is repeated 

 until all the threads have been utilised. The warp is then removed from the frame 

 and dipped in a reddish dye, which colours the free portions of the warp, but the 

 tied-up portions remain undyed ; thus a light pattern is left on a coloured back- 

 ground, when the lashing is untied. If a three-colour design is required, as is 

 usually the case, the first lashing is retained, and various portions of the previously 

 dyed warp are tied up ; the whole is immersed in a black dye, and then both sets of 

 lashing are untied. The pattern is thus entirely produced in the warp, the woof is 

 self-coloured, and does not obtrude itself in the material. 



There are a very large number of designs and patterns, which are remembered 

 by the women and handed down from mother to daughter. By far the greater 

 number of these designs are based upon animals, v/hereas most of the patterns 

 carved by the men on wooden and bamboo objects are derived from plant motives. 

 The designs embroidered by the women on jackets and loin-cloths are usually 

 zoomorphic in character, but the treatment of the motives is quite different from 

 the decoration of previously described fabrics. 



The decorative art of the Sea-Dayaks of Sarawak differs in character from that 

 of the Kayans, Kenyahs, and other inland tribes. 



4. Relics of the Stone Age of Borneo. By Dr. A. C. Haddox, F.R.S. 



Until about eighteen months ago the only authentic example known in this 

 country of a stone implement from Sarawak was the specimen collected by A. Hart 

 Everett, which is now in the Pitt Rivers Collection at Oxford. In December, 

 1898, the Sarawak Museum obtained a specimen of a different type. I discovered 

 a third type in a Sibop house on the Tinjar River in the Baram District of 

 Sarawak ; later Dr. C. Hose, the Resident of the Baram District, obtained numerous 

 examples from various interior tribes in his district ; these he has generously 

 presented to the University of Cambridge. The occurrence of stone implements in 

 Borneo has been previously noted. 



The implements are made of various rocks, including fibrolite, impure sand- 

 stone, arkose, sihcified limestone, shale, andesite, and chalcedony. The form, too, 

 varies greatly ; some are obviously axe heads, others adze blades, while certain 

 cylindrical forms, with a more or less cup-shaped cutting end, were probably used 

 to extract the pith from the sago palm. In the collection are several stones of 

 irregular form; the former use of some of them is problematical, but thev have 

 recently been used as touchstones, 



