^0 



REPORT — 1^01. 



the latitude and longitude of Paruschowitz (in absence of more exact 

 information) being identified with those of the nearest town, Rybnik. 



The nearest of these places is Ratibor, which is only twenty English 

 miles distant, and has the same latitude. Its temperature is 8'1, and 

 Paruschowitz, being 54 metres higher, should have a temperature of about 

 7"8. The mean of the temperatures of the ten places is also 7 "8, their 



mean latitude being 50° 31' and mean 



height 235 metres. It appears 



certain that the temperature of Paruschowitz cannot differ by more than 

 a few tenths of a degree from 8'0 ; and it is not usual for the mean 

 annual temperature at the depth of 6 metres in the soil to differ by more 

 than a few tenths from the mean temperature of the air. The observed 

 temperature 12"1 at 6 metres appears then to be about 4*^ too high. 



This was apparently the latest of the sixty-four observations ; and the 

 sixty-three lowerings and raisings again of the thermometers with their 

 supporting rods through the mud which filled the bore would carry down 

 colder mud from the top and replace it by warmer mud brought up from 

 below. 



Another cause tending to make the temperature at 6 metres too high 

 is suggested by comparing the temperature 10°'4 observed at this depth 

 at Schladebach with 8°'4, which is given by Hann ' as the mean tempera- 

 ture of Leipzig, the nearest large town. The isolation by plugging in the 

 Sohladebach bore was very effective while it lasted ; but it probably did 

 not last long enough to restore the normal temperatures of the layers of 

 rock surrounding the upper portion of the bore, after their prolonged 

 exposure to warm water brought up from below during the progress of 

 the boring. 



The highest temperature that seems at all possible for the depth of 

 6 metres at Paruschowitz is 9° C. If we adopt 8"3, which is more prob- 

 able, we have an increase of exactly 61° C. in 1,953 metres, or 1° 0. in 

 32 metres, or 1° F. in 58-3 feet. 



Treating the Schladebach observations in the same way, if we adopt 

 8"6 as the temperature at 6 metres, we have an increase of 48° C. in 1,710 

 metres, or 1° C. in 35-6 metres, or 1° F. in 65 feet. This exactly agrees 

 with Herr Dunker's deduction as given in our report for 1889. 



It is very desirable that direct observations of the mean annual tem- 

 perature of the soil at a small depth (say 1 metre or 2 metres) should be 



Loc. cit. 



