258 



REfOM— 1901. 



They employ together about 500 chemists, 350 engineers and othei' 

 technologists, 1,360 business managers, clerks, travellers, &c., and over 

 18,000 workpeople. Compared with such figures as these the English 

 colour manufacture assumes insignificant proportions. The total capital 

 invested in the coal-tar colour trade in England pi'obably does not exceed 

 500,000/., the total number of chemists employed cannot be more than 

 thirty or forty, and the number of workmen engaged in the manufacture 

 does not amount to over a thousand. 



A similar relative proportion is maintained in the number of patents 

 for new colouring matters and other coal-tar products taken by the English 

 and German firms, as is shown by the following table : — 



Comparison of Number of Completed Eitf/Iish Patents for Coal-tar Products 

 taken during IbSB-li/OO by Six Largest English and Six Largest German 

 Firms. 



German Fimis 



Badische Aniline Works . . 179 



Meister, Lucius, &: Briining . . 231 



Farbfabriken Bayer & Co. . . 306 



Berlin Aniline Co 119 



L. Cassella & Co 75 



Farbwerk Miihlheim, Leonliardt 



&Co 38 



Total of six German firms . 948 



English Firms 

 Brooke, Simpson, & Spiller 

 Clayton Aniline Co. . 

 Levinstein 



Read, Holliday, & Co, 

 Claus &; Re6 

 W. G. Thompson 



7 

 21 

 19 



28 

 9 

 2 



Total of six English firms . 



86 



Nor does the potential loss which we have sustained by our inability 

 to take advantage of a growing industry represent the sum total of our 

 losses. The new colouring matters, made almost exclusively in Germany, 

 have in many cases been introduced as substitutes for natural products 

 which were staple articles of English commerce. Madder and cochineal 

 have been replaced by alizarine and azo scarlets, the employment of many 



