ON THE LAND LEVEL OF THE PHLEGR^AN FIELDS. 383 



It is unfortunate that this material, being submerged, will take a long 

 time to work out completely ; were it above water a clear idea of its 

 significance would be sooner obtained. 



So far as the work has gone at present, it tends to show that the 

 land level in Roman times was about 15 feet higher than at present ; 

 that there was a road all along the coast of Posilipo underneath the cliffs ; 

 and that this road was lined by numerous houses, most of which have 

 been washed away. These points and others will be shown on a map 

 which is in preparation. 



Tlie CUmatoloijn of Africa. — Tenth and Final Report of a Committee 

 consistiiKj of Mr. E. G. Ravensteix {Chairman), Dr. H. R. Mill, 

 and'^h:. H. N. Dickson (Secretary). (Brciivn vp by the Chairman.) 



Meteoeological returns have been received by your Committee in the 

 course of last year from twenty-one stations in Africa, including Asiut and 

 Omdurman ; Old Calabar ; Blantyre, Lauderdale, Fort Johnston, and 

 Nkata Bay in Nyasaland ; Kisimayu, Malindi, Lamu, Takaunga, Mombasa, 

 and Shimoni on the coast of British East Africa ; Machako's, Kitui, 

 Nairobi, and Kikuyu in the interior of that Protectorate ; and from the 

 four lake stations in Buganda. We are, moreover, enabled to give the 

 results of seven years' observation on the rainfall at Mengo (Buganda), 

 taken from the unpublished journal of the late Mr. A. M. Mackay. A 

 table giving the rainfall since 1890 at a number of stations has been added. 



Since the appointment of your Committee in 1891 meteorological 

 reports from as many as seventy- one African stations have been pub- 

 lished through its agency, and it may safely be asserted that many of 

 the more valuable of these observations would never have been made or 

 become generally available had it not Ijeen thi'ough our action. Amongst 

 these stations, however, there are only fifty- six the records of which 

 embrace a full year, and eleven from which we have received full returns 

 for at least five years. These latter are Lauderdale, Dunraven {rainfall 

 only), Kisimayu, Malindi, Lamu, Takaunga (rainfall only), Mombasa, 

 Chuyu (or Shimoni in Wanga), Machako's, Fort Smith (in Kikuyu), and 

 Mengo (Namirembo and Natete). Among stations having a less extended 

 record, but distinguished for the care with which the obserA'ations were 

 taken and the interest attaching to the results, are Bolobo in the Con wo 

 State (3| years) ; Zomba (i years) and Fort Johnston (28 months) in 

 jSTyasaland ; Kibwezi(18 months) in British East Africa and Old Calabar. 

 We should also refer here to the high value attaching to the observations 

 on the lake le\el of Victoria Nyanza. 



A summary of Dr. Livingstone's meteorological work during his last 

 journey (1866-71) will be found in our report for 1894. 



In Ef/ifpt Major Lyons, Director General of the Survey Department, 

 is gradually pushing meteorological stations into the Sudan. 



In J^yasaland the scientific department has been organised by Sir H. 

 Johnston and placed in charge of Mr. McClounie, an able and zealous officer, 

 who during a recent visit to Europe has availed himself of opportunities 

 offered to gain a competent knowledge of the working of a thoroughly 

 equipped meteorological observatory. Zomba, the headquarters of°tho 

 Protectorate, will soon take its place among stations of tho first order, for 



