806 KEPORT — 1901. 



and direction of wliich are noted in addition to localisation. The practicability 

 of the system for police purposes has been tested by the writer, and it has been 

 demonstrated that men of ordinary intelligence can master its apparent intricacies 

 and apply it successfully. 



2. Notes on the Proposed Uthnographic Survey of India. By W. Crooke. 



3. Horn and Bone Implements found in Ipswieli. 

 By Miss Nina F. Layabd. 



These implements of horn and bone found in Ipswich came from several parts 

 of the town, and from various depths. 



Among the cut antlers is one from the bed of the river Orwell, which resembles 

 the horn picks exhibited in the Guildhall Museum. 



The rest of the examples shown, though certainly suggestive of a picli, are 

 perhaps too awkward for this use, though in one case the tip has been sharpened. 



Ten of these horns (eight of them cut) were found lying together at a depth of 

 5 to 6 feet in one of the main streets of Ipswich. Among them is a very rude 

 knife-handle. 



All the horns already mentioned appear to be of much more recent date than 

 four others which were found in gravel at a depth of 2-3 feet, of which, however, 

 12 feet were of made-up earth. 



In other parts of the same excavations numerous Romano-British relics were 

 discovered, but at a much higher level, and always in dark earth. 



Other implements from the same gravel were exhibited, and also a large antler 

 found with a skeleton beside which lay a portion of a Saxon comb. These were 

 found quite separate from the rest, 4 feet below the surface of the ground. 



A pair of bone skates, found in College Street, Ipswich, was also shown below 

 the foundations of some very old houses that were being pulled down, at a depth 

 of 10 feet, in the old river bed. 



4. Hints of Evolution in Tradition. By David MacRitchie. 



The author quotes the recent discoveries of pithecoid men in Central Africa, 

 and infers from this instance that similar undeveloped types of mankind may have 

 survived in other parts of the world until comparatively recent times. In support 

 of this view he quotes the Welsh tale of KiUnoch and Ohven, with its descriptions 

 of arboreal progression and of hairy men. The ' half men ' of the same tale he 

 compares with the Scandinavian ' half-trolls ' and with the Halvermannekens of 

 Flemish tradition. Shakespeare's conception of Caliban he regards as founded 

 upon similar reminiscences , while the mediajval descriptions of ' Ogres ' are 

 largely based upon traditions of the ' Ugrian ' Huns, with projecting canines and 

 cannibal propensities. 



Other instances of simian traits preserved in popular tradition are : — (1) The 

 excessively long arms attributed to the Scandinavian dwarfs and to the Picts of 

 the Scottish Border. (2) The excessive hairiness of the ' satyrs ' of classical and 

 Biblical tradition, and of the Northern 'brownies ' {e.y., in Isaiah xxxiv. 14 the 

 Heb. mynir = LXX. crdrvpos = Vulg.,^j?7o.s2«s = A.V. satyi- (in Isa. xiii. 21 the Bishops' 

 Bible and Rogers have ape) ^fenodyree, ' brownie,' in the Manx-Gaelic version of 

 1819 = fiadh-dhuine, ' wild man,' in other Gaelic versions). Compare the simian 

 place-names Affenbery, Affenthal, &c. (3) The small stature of many apes and of 

 the African pygmies is paralleled by the Welsh 7iar ( = either ' pygmy ' or ' ape ') 

 and the Gaelic abhac, and by the descriptions of the ' brownies ' and other ' little 

 people.' (4) The infrahuman stupidity of very low races ; by that of the Scottish 

 'brownie'; by words like Gael, amadan, for a 'changeling'; by the English 

 Qoj- ( = elf, Fr. aulfe'), and the Old German iilp ( = elf), defined by Grimm as ' an 



