SOME LINNASAN TRIVIAL NAMES 121 
naties, such as were not objected to before Linnzeus. When com- 
bining these binary generic terms with their rightful ‘“ specific ’’ 
names transferred from the Species Plantarum as quoted above, we 
have Uva ursi Uva ursi and Vitis idaea Vitis idaea. Four-worded 
names can not, of course, be tolerated if three-worded ones are 
objectionable, but if the hyphen can make a binary out of a ternary, 
then two hyphens can as readily make a binary out of a quaternary 
name. Both Tournefort and the older writers who used Uva ursi * 
as a genus name, as well as Moench who restored it and l’ztis tdaea 
after 1753, might have used a hyphen here had they chosen so to 
do, just as Linnezus might have done for the trivial name, but 
neither Moench, Linnaeus, nor any one before these had so used the 
name. ‘To attribute to both Linnzeus and Moench the genus or the 
combination of generic and trivial names, for which neither is 
responsible, and which without the stealthily inserted hyphens 
could not be allowed to stand as valid even under the laxest codes, 
is hardly to be considered as truthful or exact. 
A practice resorted to in changing Linnzean names of the first 
edition consists in running the last two words of the ternary name 
together. "This method is so easy and withal so convenient, as it 
eliminates even the use of the hyphen, that we wonder it had not 
been oftener resorted to. There is in a sense less of tampering with 
an original in this case, as nothing is actually added and almost 
nothing taken away. ‘The deceit involved, presuming the two 
words to be attributed to the first edition of the Species Plantarum, 
is all the greater the more subtile the manner in which the two 
words are actually made into one. The hyphen at least seems a 
compromise, for it makes only acompound word. ‘The process here 
outlined presumes to make one word of two absolutely. Besides the 
names so corrected by Linnzeus himself and given in the preceding 
list, we have the following wrongfully attributed to him, and not 
found even in the second edition of the Species Plantarum : 
Aesculus Hippocastanum. Ballota Pseudodictamnus. 
Ferula Assafoetida. Robinia Pseudacacia. 
Pyrus Chamaemespilus. 
We may say in conclusion that apart from any comments, the 
simple list of Linnzean names from the Species Plantarum, together 
with the various attempts of Linnzeus himself and his contempora- 
ries, and followers to change these, shows that our present idea of 
the immutability of names originated in very recent times. It was 
* Uva ursi written as two words was used also by P. Miller in 1754. 
