68 University of Califorma Publications. | ZOOLOGY 
Having worked over a large quantity of material of S. fusi- 
formis-runcinata with reference to the question of the status of 
echinata, I reach the conclusion that a well marked style, or form 
of the species, which may be ealled echinata, must be recognized, 
but that it is not a distinct, persistent variety, as Apstein has 
treated it: much less a species as Herdman concluded from his 
study of the Challenger material. 
There are two particulars by which, at their fullest expres- 
sion, the form is distinguished from the typical fusiformis- 
runcinata. One is the echination of the test, the other the 
arrangement of the body muscles. Figs. 14 and 15 are dia- 
erams, though made with special care, from the examination of 
three specimens which agreed almost perfectly in these partic- 
ulars. Fig. 14 is a postero-dorso-dextral ‘view. It shows two 
double rows of echinations on the dorsal surface that begin some 
distance behind the anterior end and extend to the posterior end, 
but do not terminate in spines. lLaterally from these is a row 
on each side on the edge of a prominent ridge—almost a fin— 
of test, this ridge extending the entire length of the body and 
terminating posteriorly in two prominent processes, 7. and 7. p. 
d. p. On the ventral side are two sets of submedian rows (Fig. 
15, s. m. r. and s. m. r.’), an anterior and a posterior, each-set 
open anteriorly but joined posteriorly, the posterior junction of 
the posterior set being in a prominent posterior ventral process 
p. v. p., and laterally from these are again two more rows. As 
to the muscles, the three anterior ones, though converging some- 
what, scarcely touch one another as they do typically in fusi- 
formis-runcinata. The eighth and ninth do not even converge; 
they are entirely parallel. Herein is perhaps the most striking 
difference between echinata and the type of the species. 
This description applies exclusively to the solitary genera- 
tion. As to the aggregate generation, one finds an occasional 
lot of zooids that are unusually robust, this being especially 
apparent at the posterior end of the animal, where the posterior 
process of test becomes much thickened and solidified, with the 
serrated edges highly developed. In one lot of this sort observed 
off San Diego in March, 1904, the animals reached a total length 
of 50 mm. or more; and several zooids in one gathering made 
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